The Edelstein effect caused by the pristine surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators is investigated by means of a semiclassical approach. The combined effect of random impurity scattering and the spin-momentum locking of the gapless Dirac cone yields a current-induced surface spin accumulation that depends on the surface cleanliness, but is independent from chemical potential and temperature. Through combing the semiclassical approach with the Bloch equation, the inverse Edelstein effect that converts the spin pumping spin current into a charge current is well explained, and the conversion efficiency λIEE is revealed to be independent from the disorder. Consistency of these results with various experiments is elaborated in detail.

中文翻译：

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由拓扑绝缘体的原始表面态引起的 Edelstein 和逆 Edelstein 效应

通过半经典方法研究了由三维拓扑绝缘体的原始表面状态引起的埃德尔斯坦效应。随机杂质散射和无间隙狄拉克锥的自旋动量锁定的组合效应产生电流诱导的表面自旋累积，该累积取决于表面清洁度，但与化学势和温度无关。通过将半经典方法与 Bloch 方程相结合，很好地解释了将自旋泵浦自旋电流转换为电荷电流的逆埃德尔斯坦效应，并揭示了转换效率 λIEE 与无序无关。详细阐述了这些结果与各种实验的一致性。