幻听、自上而下的处理和语言感知：一项普通人群研究,Psychological Medicine

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幻听、自上而下的处理和语言感知：一项普通人群研究
Psychological Medicine ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-04 , DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800380x
J N de Boer ₁ , M M J Linszen ₂ , J de Vries ₁ , M J L Schutte ₂ , M J H Begemann ₂ , S M Heringa ₁ , M M Bohlken ₁ , K Hugdahl _{3,

4} , A Aleman ₂ , F N K Wijnen ₅ , I E C Sommer ₂

Affiliation

背景调查精神分裂症患者幻觉的潜在机制的研究表明，自上而下的期望不平衡五。自下而上的处理是这些感知错误的基础。本研究通过测试来自有幻听 (AH) 的普通人群中的个体是否比从未产生幻觉的人对听觉语言感知有更多的误解来评估这一假设。方法我们使用在线调查来确定幻听的存在。参与者填写了精神病经历问卷，并参与了一项听觉语言识别任务，以评估正确的感知（命中）和错误的感知（误报）。进行了听力测试以筛查听力问题。结果共有来自荷兰普通人群的 5115 人参与了这项研究。与没有此类（最近）经历的参与者相比，在测试前一周报告 AH 的参与者的听觉感知误报率更高。AH 体验越近，参与者犯的错误就越多。虽然语言 AH (AVH) 的存在可预测听觉语言感知的误报率，但非语言或视觉幻觉的存在则不能。结论 AVH 的存在预测听觉语言感知的误报率，而非- 语言幻听或幻视没有，这表明增强的自上而下处理不会跨模态转移。在报告最近 AVH 的参与者中观察到更多的误报。这与自上而下的期望对产生幻觉的人的影响增强的模型一致。

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Auditory hallucinations, top-down processing and language perception: a general population study

BackgroundStudies investigating the underlying mechanisms of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia suggest that an imbalance in top-down expectations v. bottom-up processing underlies these errors in perception. This study evaluates this hypothesis by testing if individuals drawn from the general population who have had auditory hallucinations (AH) have more misperceptions in auditory language perception than those who have never hallucinated.MethodsWe used an online survey to determine the presence of hallucinations. Participants filled out the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences and participated in an auditory verbal recognition task to assess both correct perceptions (hits) and misperceptions (false alarms). A hearing test was performed to screen for hearing problems.ResultsA total of 5115 individuals from the general Dutch population participated in this study. Participants who reported AH in the week preceding the test had a higher false alarm rate in their auditory perception compared with those without such (recent) experiences. The more recent the AH were experienced, the more mistakes participants made. While the presence of verbal AH (AVH) was predictive for false alarm rate in auditory language perception, the presence of non-verbal or visual hallucinations were not.ConclusionsThe presence of AVH predicted false alarm rate in auditory language perception, whereas the presence of non-verbal auditory or visual hallucinations was not, suggesting that enhanced top-down processing does not transfer across modalities. More false alarms were observed in participants who reported more recent AVHs. This is in line with models of enhanced influence of top-down expectations in persons who hallucinate.

更新日期：2019-01-04

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