皮下注射药物：影响注射部位疼痛感的因素的文献综述。,Advances in Therapy

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › Adv. Ther. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

皮下注射药物：影响注射部位疼痛感的因素的文献综述。
Advances in Therapy ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01101-6
Iris Usach ₁ , Rafael Martinez ₂ , Teodora Festini ₃ , José-Esteban Peris ₁

Affiliation

鉴于其高生物利用度和快速起效，皮下给药途径被广泛用于给药不同类型的药物。但是，注射部位的疼痛感可能会降低患者的依从性。除了药物本身的直接作用外，还有几个因素会影响疼痛感：针头特征，注射部位，注射量，注射速度，重量克分子渗透压浓度，制剂的pH值以及所用赋形剂的种类，包括缓冲剂和防腐剂。尽管解剖学注射部位（腹部与大腿）也会影响疼痛感，但通常使用短而细的针头（方便润滑且尖端尖）来减轻疼痛。皮下注射量大与疼痛有关。从这个意义上讲，通常接受的最大音量约为1。5毫升，尽管注射到腹部时可耐受高达3毫升的体积。预计注射量最多为0.5-0.8 ml不会显着增加针头插入所产生的疼痛。理想情况下，应将可注射产品配制为等渗溶液（重量摩尔渗透压浓度约为300 mOsm / kg），并且为防止疼痛，必须使用不超过600 mOs / kg的溶液。建议将pH值接近生理值，以最大程度地减少疼痛，刺激和组织损伤。经常将缓冲剂添加到肠胃外制剂中，以通过调节pH值来优化溶解度和稳定性。但是，它们的强度应保持尽可能低，以避免注射时疼痛。可用数据建议将磷酸盐缓冲液的浓度限制为10 mM，柠檬酸盐缓冲液的浓度应低于7。3 mM，以避免增加疼痛感。对于多剂量制剂所需的防腐剂，间甲酚似乎比苯甲醇和苯酚更痛苦。资金来源：Sandoz SA。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Subcutaneous Injection of Drugs: Literature Review of Factors Influencing Pain Sensation at the Injection Site.

The subcutaneous administration route is widely used to administer different types of drugs given its high bioavailability and rapid onset of action. However, the sensation of pain at the injection site might reduce patient adherence. Apart from a direct effect of the drug itself, several factors can influence the sensation of pain: needle features, injection site, volume injected, injection speed, osmolality, viscosity and pH of formulation, as well as the kind of excipients employed, including buffers and preservatives. Short and thin needles, conveniently lubricated and with sharp tips, are generally used to minimize pain, although the anatomic injection site (abdomen versus thigh) also affects the sensation of pain. Large subcutaneous injection volumes are associated with pain. In this sense, the maximum volume generally accepted is around 1.5 ml, although volumes of up to 3 ml are well tolerated when injected in the abdomen. Injected volumes of up to 0.5-0.8 ml are not expected to increase substantially the pain produced by the needle insertion. Ideally, injectable products should be formulated as isotonic solutions (osmolality of about 300 mOsm/kg) and no more than 600 mOs/kg have to be used in order to prevent pain. A pH close to the physiological one is recommended to minimize pain, irritation, and tissue damage. Buffers are frequently added to parenteral formulations to optimize solubility and stability by adjusting the pH; however, their strength should be kept as low as possible to avoid pain upon injection. The data available recommend the concentration of phosphate buffer be limited to 10 mM and that the concentration of citrate buffer should be lower than 7.3 mM to avoid an increased sensation of pain. In the case of preservatives, which are required in multiple-dose preparations, m-cresol seems to be more painful than benzyl alcohol and phenol.Funding: Sandoz SA.

更新日期：2019-11-01

点击分享查看原文

点击收藏

公开下载

阅读更多本刊新发论文本刊介绍/投稿指南