Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) is a lipid kinase in leukocytes that generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate to recruit and activate downstream signaling molecules. Distinct from other members in the PI3K family, PI3Kgamma is activated by G-protein coupled-receptors responding to chemotactic ligands. PI3Kgamma plays an important role in migration of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. It is also required for other leukocyte functions such as neutrophil oxidative burst, T cell proliferation and mast degranulation. Mice with PI3Kgamma inactivated by genetic or pharmacological approaches are protected from disease development in a number of inflammation and autoimmune disease models. The function of PI3Kgamma depends on its kinase activity and therefore it has been suggested by many reports that small molecules inhibiting its kinase activity could be promising for the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Over the last five years, a number of pharmaceutical companies have reported a wide variety of PI3Kgamma inhibitors, of which several x-ray crystal structures with PI3Kgamma have been elucidated. The structural characteristics and selectivity profiles of these inhibitors, in particular thiazolidinones and 2-aminoheterocycles, and those disclosed in related patent applications are summarized in this review.

中文翻译：

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磷酸肌醇3-激酶γ（PI3Kgamma）抑制剂，用于治疗炎症和自身免疫性疾病。

磷酸肌醇3-激酶γ（PI3Kgamma）是白细胞中的脂质激酶，可产生磷脂酰肌醇3,4,5-三磷酸来募集并激活下游信号分子。与PI3K家族的其他成员不同，PI3Kgamma由对趋化性配体作出响应的G蛋白偶联受体激活。PI3Kgamma在髓样细胞和淋巴样细胞的迁移中都起着重要作用。其他白细胞功能（例如嗜中性粒细胞氧化爆发，T细胞增殖和肥大脱粒）也需要它。通过遗传或药理学方法灭活的PI3Kgamma小鼠在许多炎症和自身免疫性疾病模型中均免受疾病发展的影响。PI3Kgamma的功能取决于它的激酶活性，因此，许多报道表明，抑制其激酶活性的小分子有望用于治疗炎症和自身免疫性疾病。在过去的五年中，许多制药公司已经报道了多种PI3Kgamma抑制剂，其中一些具有PI3Kgamma的X射线晶体结构已经阐明。在这篇综述中总结了这些抑制剂，特别是噻唑烷酮和2-氨基杂环的结构特征和选择性概况，以及在相关专利申请中公开的那些。其中一些具有PI3Kγ的X射线晶体结构已经阐明。在这篇综述中总结了这些抑制剂，特别是噻唑烷酮和2-氨基杂环的结构特征和选择性概况，以及在相关专利申请中公开的那些。其中一些具有PI3Kγ的X射线晶体结构已经阐明。在这篇综述中总结了这些抑制剂，特别是噻唑烷酮和2-氨基杂环的结构特征和选择性概况，以及在相关专利申请中公开的那些。