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Skin barrier immunity and ageing.
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13152 Emma S Chambers 1 , Milica Vukmanovic-Stejic 1
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13152 Emma S Chambers 1 , Milica Vukmanovic-Stejic 1
Affiliation
The skin is the outermost layer of the body with an extensive surface area of approximately 1·8 m2 , and is the first line of defence against a multitude of external pathogens and environmental insults. The skin also has important homeostatic functions such as reducing water loss and contributing to thermoregulation of the body. The structure of the skin and its cellular composition work in harmony to prevent infections and to deal with physical and chemical challenges from the outside world. In this review, we discuss how the structural cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and adipocytes contribute to barrier immunity. We also discuss specialized immune cells that are resident in steady-state skin including mononuclear phagocytes, such as Langerhans cells, dermal macrophages and dermal dendritic cells in addition to the resident memory T cells. Ageing results in an increased incidence of cancer and skin infections. As we age, the skin structure changes with thinning of the epidermis and dermis, increased water loss, and fragmentation of collagen and elastin. In addition, the skin immune composition is altered with reduced Langerhans cells, decreased antigen-specific immunity and increased regulatory populations such as Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Together, these alterations result in decreased barrier immunity in the elderly, explaining in part their increased susceptiblity to cancer and infections.
中文翻译:
皮肤屏障免疫力和衰老。
皮肤是人体的最外层,表面积约为1·8平方米,是抵御多种外部病原体和环境损害的第一道防线。皮肤还具有重要的体内平衡功能,例如减少水分流失并有助于身体的温度调节。皮肤的结构及其细胞组成协调地发挥作用,以防止感染并应对外界的物理和化学挑战。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了角质形成细胞,成纤维细胞和脂肪细胞等结构细胞如何促进屏障免疫。我们还将讨论驻留在稳态皮肤中的专门免疫细胞,包括单核吞噬细胞,例如Langerhans细胞,皮肤巨噬细胞和皮肤树突状细胞以及常驻记忆T细胞。衰老导致癌症和皮肤感染的发生率增加。随着年龄的增长,皮肤结构会随着表皮和真皮的变薄,水分流失的增加以及胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的破碎而发生变化。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。和胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的碎片。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。和胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的碎片。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。
更新日期:2019-12-04
中文翻译:
皮肤屏障免疫力和衰老。
皮肤是人体的最外层,表面积约为1·8平方米,是抵御多种外部病原体和环境损害的第一道防线。皮肤还具有重要的体内平衡功能,例如减少水分流失并有助于身体的温度调节。皮肤的结构及其细胞组成协调地发挥作用,以防止感染并应对外界的物理和化学挑战。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了角质形成细胞,成纤维细胞和脂肪细胞等结构细胞如何促进屏障免疫。我们还将讨论驻留在稳态皮肤中的专门免疫细胞,包括单核吞噬细胞,例如Langerhans细胞,皮肤巨噬细胞和皮肤树突状细胞以及常驻记忆T细胞。衰老导致癌症和皮肤感染的发生率增加。随着年龄的增长,皮肤结构会随着表皮和真皮的变薄,水分流失的增加以及胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的破碎而发生变化。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。和胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的碎片。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。和胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的碎片。此外,皮肤免疫成分随朗格汉斯细胞减少,抗原特异性免疫力降低和调节种群(例如Foxp3 +调节性T细胞)的增加而改变。这些改变共同导致老年人的屏障免疫力下降,部分解释了其对癌症和感染的敏感性增加。