聚乳酸：合成和生物医学应用。,Journal of Applied Microbiology

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聚乳酸：合成和生物医学应用。
Journal of Applied Microbiology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-17 , DOI: 10.1111/jam.14290
M S Singhvi ₁ , S S Zinjarde ₁ , D V Gokhale ₂

Affiliation

社会和经济发展已推动了有关发现，开发和利用聚合物的大量科学和工程工作。聚乳酸（PLA）是最有前途的生物聚合物之一，因为它可以由无毒的可再生原料生产。由于其特性（例如生物相容性，生物降解性，机械强度和加工能力），PLA已成为生物医学应用的重要聚合材料。乳酸（LA）可以通过发酵衍生自可再生资源（例如玉米和甘蔗）的糖来获得。因此，PLA是一种环保无毒的聚合物，其特性使其可以在人体中使用。尽管PLA的应用范围很广，但仍存在某些局限性，例如降解速度慢，疏水性和与使用相关的低冲击韧性。将PLA与其他聚合物共混可提供方便的选择，以改善相关性能或生成用于目标应用的新型PLA聚合物/共混物。已经探索了多种PLA共混物用于各种生物医学应用，例如药物输送，植入物，缝合线和组织工程。由于PLA及其共聚物具有出色的生物相容性和机械性能，因此正被广泛用于组织工程中以恢复受损组织的功能。本文介绍了PLA材料特性，制造工艺和具有所需特性的产品开发之间的关系。还讨论了LA生产，PLA合成及其在生物医学领域中的应用。

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Polylactic acid: synthesis and biomedical applications.

Social and economic development has driven considerable scientific and engineering efforts on the discovery, development and utilization of polymers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers as it can be produced from nontoxic renewable feedstock. PLA has emerged as an important polymeric material for biomedical applications on account of its properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength and process ability. Lactic acid (LA) can be obtained by fermentation of sugars derived from renewable resources such as corn and sugarcane. PLA is thus an eco-friendly nontoxic polymer with features that permit use in the human body. Although PLA has a wide spectrum of applications, there are certain limitations such as slow degradation rate, hydrophobicity and low impact toughness associated with its use. Blending PLA with other polymers offers convenient options to improve associated properties or to generate novel PLA polymers/blends for target applications. A variety of PLA blends have been explored for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures and tissue engineering. PLA and their copolymers are becoming widely used in tissue engineering for function restoration of impaired tissues due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The relationship between PLA material properties, manufacturing processes and development of products with desirable characteristics is described in this article. LA production, PLA synthesis and their applications in the biomedical field are also discussed.

更新日期：2019-11-01

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