伊朗内沙布尔的电焊工中铅的职业接触的定量和半定量风险评估。,Environmental Science and Pollution Research

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伊朗内沙布尔的电焊工中铅的职业接触的定量和半定量风险评估。
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2019-08-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06220-9
Mahmoud Mohammadyan ₁ , Mahmood Moosazadeh ₁ , Narges Khanjani ₂ , Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam _{3,

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Affiliation

铅是世界上使用最广泛的元素之一。铅会引起急性和慢性并发症，例如血红蛋白合成异常，肾脏损害，流产，神经系统疾病，男性不育，学习能力下降，行为障碍，甚至死亡。这项研究的目的是对Neyshabur电子行业的焊锡工进行铅暴露的定量和半定量风险评估。这项横断面，描述性和分析性研究于2017年和2018年对40名暴露于铅的女性焊接工人进行。根据新加坡卫生部进行了半定量风险评估，并根据环境卫生危害评估办公室（OEHHA）的方法进行了定量风险评估。电子制造行业中铅的平均职业暴露为93.89±33.40μgm-3，范围为9至150μgm-3。工业组中铅的职业接触平均水平为130.37±40.23μgm-3，切割线，电镀和裸露零件的平均暴露量为110.24±30.11μgm-3，高于次级焊接组平均值为90.78±20.22，而班轮主管的平均值为43.86±10.97μgm-3。每1000人的平均终生癌症风险（ELCR）为0.11，平均非致癌风险（HQ）为7.20。这项研究的结果表明，电子焊锡工存在非致癌性并发症的风险。因此，

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Quantitative and semi-quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to lead among electrical solderers in Neyshabur, Iran.

Lead is one of the most widely used elements in the world. Lead can cause acute and chronic complications such as abnormal hemoglobin synthesis, kidney damage, abortion, nervous system disorders, male infertility, loss of learning ability, behavioral disorders, and even death. The aim of this study was to carry out quantitative and semi-quantitative risk assessments of exposure to lead among the solderers of the Neyshabur electronics industry. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 on 40 female soldering workers exposed to lead. Semi-quantitative risk assessment was carried out according to the Singapore Health Department and quantitative risk assessment according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) method. The average occupational exposure to lead in the electronics manufacturing industry was 93.89 ± 33.40 μg m-3 with a range from 9 to 150 μg m-3. Occupational exposure to lead in the industrial groups of initial soldering with an average of 130.37 ± 40.23 μg m-3 and cutting wires, electroplating, and coating bare parts with an average of 110.24 ± 30.11 μg m-3 was higher than the secondary soldering groups with an average of 90.78 ± 20.22 and shift supervisors with an average of 43.86 ± 10.97 μg m-3. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.11 per 1000 people and the mean non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) was 7.20. The results of this study indicate that there is a risk of non-carcinogenic complications among electronic solderers. Therefore, managers and employers should reduce lead exposure through engineering controls (substituting lead-free alloys, efficient ventilation) and management strategies such as reducing exposure hours.

更新日期：2019-11-01

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