Aloe‐emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Emerging evidence suggests that aloe‐emodin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antivirus, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus, inflammation, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, malaria, liver fibrosis, psoriasis, Type 2 diabetes, growth disorders, and several types of cancers. However, an increasing number of published studies have reported adverse effects of aloe‐emodin. The primary toxicity among these reports is hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are of wide concern worldwide. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that aloe‐emodin has a poor intestinal absorption, short elimination half‐life, and low bioavailability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of aloe‐emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.

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芦荟大黄素：药理学、毒性和药代动力学综述

芦荟大黄素是天然蒽醌衍生物，是西洋槐、大黄、芦荟、何首乌等中草药的有效成分。新出现的证据表明，芦荟大黄素具有许多药理作用，包括抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗菌、抗寄生虫、神经保护和保肝活性。这些药理特性为治疗各种疾病奠定了基础，包括流感病毒、炎症、败血症、阿尔茨海默病、青光眼、疟疾、肝纤维化、银屑病、2 型糖尿病、生长障碍和几种类型的癌症。然而，越来越多已发表的研究报告了芦荟大黄素的不良反应。这些报告中的主要毒性是肝毒性和肾毒性，是全世界广泛关注的。药代动力学研究表明，芦荟大黄素的肠道吸收差、消除半衰期短、生物利用度低。本综述旨在全面总结迄今为止报道的芦荟大黄素的药理学、毒性和药代动力学，重点介绍其生物学特性和作用机制。