The chemical formation, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and certain other decomposition products found in parenteral solutions are reviewed. Heat sterilization-induced hexose decomposition to furan derivatives is promoted at low pH. Based upon infusion studies with rats and dogs, HMF does not appear to be acutely toxic at concentrations ordinarily encountered in parenteral infusion solutions (e.g., 10 mg/liter). Dosages of parenterally administered HMF exceeding 75 mg/kg body wt have led to some toxic effects, including increased activity of hepatic enzymes, altered serum-protein fractions, increased relative spleen weight, and hepatic fatty degeneration. Approximately 50% of parenterally administered HMF is oxidized and eliminated by the kidneys. From a clinical standpoint, the amount of HMF formed as a result of the heat sterilization of parenteral solutions containing hexoses does not seem to pose any significant toxicologic problem.

中文翻译：

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胃肠外溶液中5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）的综述。

本文对肠胃外溶液中5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）和某些其他分解产物的化学形成，毒性和药代动力学进行了综述。在低pH值下，加热灭菌诱导的己糖分解为呋喃衍生物。根据对大鼠和狗的输液研究，HMF在肠胃外输液中通常遇到的浓度（例如10 mg / L）下似乎没有剧毒。肠胃外施用的HMF剂量超过75 mg / kg体重已导致一些毒性作用，包括增加肝酶活性，改变血清蛋白含量，增加相对脾脏重量和肝脂肪变性。肠胃外施用的HMF中约有50％被肾脏氧化并消除。从临床的角度来看，