Purines, among most influential molecules, are reported to have essential biological function by regulating various cell types. A large number of studies have led to the discovery of many biological functions of the purine nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, and adenosine, as signaling molecules that engage G protein-coupled or ligand-gated ion channel receptors. The role of purines in the regulation of cellular functions at the gene or protein level has been well documented. With the advances in multiomics, including those from metabolomic and bioinformatic analyses, metabolic reprogramming was identified as a key mechanism involved in the regulation of cellular function under physiological or pathological conditions. Recent studies suggest that purines or purine-derived products contribute to important regulatory functions in many fundamental biological and pathological processes related to metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, this review summarizes the role and potential mechanism of purines in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming. In particular, the molecular mechanisms of extracellular purine- and intracellular purine-mediated metabolic regulation in various cells during disease development are discussed. In summary, our review provides an extensive resource for studying the regulatory role of purines in metabolic reprogramming and sheds light on the utilization of the corresponding peptides or proteins for disease diagnosis and therapy.

中文翻译：

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嘌呤在代谢重编程调控中的作用。

据报道，嘌呤是最有影响力的分子之一，通过调节多种细胞类型具有基本的生物学功能。大量研究已导致发现嘌呤核苷酸的许多生物学功能，例如ATP，ADP和腺苷，作为与G蛋白偶联或配体门控离子通道受体结合的信号分子。嘌呤在基因或蛋白质水平调节细胞功能中的作用已被充分证明。随着多组学的进展，包括代谢组学和生物信息学分析的进展，代谢重编程被确定为在生理或病理条件下调节细胞功能的关键机制。最近的研究表明，嘌呤或嘌呤衍生的产物在与代谢重编程有关的许多基本生物学和病理学过程中，起着重要的调节功能。因此，本综述总结了嘌呤在代谢重编程调控中的作用和潜在机制。特别地，讨论了疾病发展过程中各种细胞中胞外嘌呤和胞内嘌呤介导的代谢调节的分子机制。总而言之，我们的综述为研究嘌呤在代谢重编程中的调节作用提供了广泛的资源，并阐明了利用相应的肽或蛋白质进行疾病诊断和治疗的方法。这篇综述总结了嘌呤在代谢重编程调控中的作用和潜在机制。特别地，讨论了疾病发展过程中各种细胞中胞外嘌呤和胞内嘌呤介导的代谢调节的分子机制。总而言之，我们的综述为研究嘌呤在代谢重编程中的调节作用提供了广泛的资源，并阐明了利用相应的肽或蛋白质进行疾病诊断和治疗的方法。这篇综述总结了嘌呤在代谢重编程调控中的作用和潜在机制。特别地，讨论了疾病发展过程中各种细胞中胞外嘌呤和胞内嘌呤介导的代谢调节的分子机制。总而言之，我们的综述为研究嘌呤在代谢重编程中的调节作用提供了广泛的资源，并阐明了利用相应的肽或蛋白质进行疾病诊断和治疗的方法。