检查寄生虫在限制湖泊和河流刺鱼之间单向基因流动中的作用,Journal of Animal Ecology

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检查寄生虫在限制湖泊和河流刺鱼之间单向基因流动中的作用
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-26 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13080
Noémie I Erin ₁ , Daniel P Benesh ₂ , Tina Henrich ₁ , Irene E Samonte ₁ , Per J Jakobsen ₃ , Martin Kalbe ₁

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1. 寄生虫是重要的选择剂，具有通过塑造局部宿主免疫能力来限制宿主种群之间基因流动的潜力。2.我们报告了湖泊和河流三刺棘鱼 (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 之间的接触区，该区为探索寄生虫介导的选择对生殖隔离的作用提供了理想的生物地理环境。瀑布作为天然屏障，迫使上游河流棘鱼种群向下游河流和湖泊种群单向迁移。3.我们评估了四年来的种群遗传结构和寄生虫群落。在一组受控的实验感染中，我们通过将实验室培育的上游河流和湖泊鱼类以及杂交鱼暴露于两种常见的湖泊寄生虫物种，比较了上游和下游鱼类的寄生虫易感性：一种多面手吸虫寄生虫 Diplostomum pseudospathaceum 和一种宿主特异性绦虫，Schistocephalus solidus。4.我们发现在四个采样年中上游和下游种群之间存在一致的遗传差异，即使通过亲本分析检测到下游河流由来自上游种群的约 10% 的第一代移民组成。上游种群的鱼类遗传多样性较低，并且明显没有大寄生虫。通过实验感染，我们证明上游鱼类及其杂交种对寄生虫感染的易感性高于下游鱼类。尽管如此，自然采样的上游移民比下游居民受到的感染更少。因此，来自无寄生虫环境的移民可能会享有初始健康优势，但他们的后代似乎可能遭受更高的寄生虫负荷。5.我们的结果表明，对不同寄生虫群落的适应可以影响刺鱼入侵的成功，并且可能代表基因流动的障碍，即使在密切和相连的种群之间也是如此。本文受版权保护。版权所有。

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Examining the role of parasites in limiting unidirectional gene flow between lake and river sticklebacks

1.Parasites are important selective agents with the potential to limit gene flow between host populations by shaping local host immunocompetence. 2.We report on a contact zone between lake and river three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that offers the ideal biogeographic setting to explore the role of parasite-mediated selection on reproductive isolation. A waterfall acts as a natural barrier and enforces unidirectional migration from the upstream river stickleback population to the downstream river and lake populations. 3.We assessed population genetic structure and parasite communities over four years. In a set of controlled experimental infections, we compared parasite susceptibility of upstream and downstream fish by exposing laboratory-bred upstream river and lake fish, as well as hybrids, to two common lake parasite species: a generalist trematode parasite, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum and a host-specific cestode, Schistocephalus solidus. 4.We found consistent genetic differentiation between upstream and downstream populations across four sampling years, even though the downstream river consisted of ~10% first-generation migrants from the upstream population as detected by parentage analysis. Fish in the upstream population had lower genetic diversity and were strikingly devoid of macroparasites. Through experimental infections, we demonstrated that upstream fish and their hybrids had higher susceptibility to parasite infections than downstream fish. Despite this, naturally-sampled upstream migrants were less infected than downstream residents. Thus, migrants coming from a parasite-free environment may enjoy an initial fitness advantage, but their descendants seem likely to suffer from higher parasite loads. 5.Our results suggest that adaptation to distinct parasite communities can influence stickleback invasion success and may represent a barrier to gene flow, even between close and connected populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

更新日期：2019-08-26

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