孔雀眼点和其他五颜六色的羽毛在哺乳动物掠食者的眼中有多显眼？,PLOS ONE

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孔雀眼点和其他五颜六色的羽毛在哺乳动物掠食者的眼中有多显眼？
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-24 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210924
Suzanne Amador Kane ₁ , Yuchao Wang ₁ , Rui Fang ₁ , Yabin Lu ₁ , Roslyn Dakin ₂

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长期以来，五颜六色的羽毛对于掠食者而言是显而易见的，因此，由于增加了掠食的风险，因此有可能产生成本。但是，许多捕食鸟类的哺乳动物的双色视觉系统只有两种类型的颜色敏感视觉受体，而不是分别具有人类和大多数鸟类特有的三种和四种感光器。在这里，我们结合使用了多光谱成像，反射光谱，彩色视觉建模和视觉纹理分析，比较了来自印度孔雀（Pavo cristatus），彩色羽毛和红色和黄色的同种动物和哺乳动物捕食者可用的视觉信号鹦鹉的羽毛。我们还对视敏度引起的距离相关模糊的影响进行建模。当鸟类观看绿色植被时，据估计，研究的大多数羽毛的颜色和亮度对比与以前发现的成熟水果的相似。另一方面，对于重色差哺乳动物的捕食者，这些羽毛的视觉对比仅是微弱的可检测到的，并且通常低于典型观察距离的检测阈值。我们还显示，对于双色差哺乳动物视觉模型，孔雀的火车具有低于检测阈值的颜色和亮度对比以及与各种树叶背景相匹配的视觉纹理。这些发现与许多成色相近的羽毛相吻合，在成年鸟类的常见哺乳动物捕食者眼中，这些羽毛不显眼，在某些情况下甚至是隐秘的。鉴于鸟类会执行许多明显的动作和行为，这项研究表明，哺乳动物捕食者更可能使用其他感觉方式（例如，运动检测，听力和嗅觉）而不是色觉来检测禽类猎物。这为今后的行为研究提供了新的方向，并强调了理解捕食者的感觉生态学对动物着色演变的影响的重要性。

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How conspicuous are peacock eyespots and other colorful feathers in the eyes of mammalian predators?

Colorful feathers have long been assumed to be conspicuous to predators, and hence likely to incur costs due to enhanced predation risk. However, many mammals that prey on birds have dichromatic visual systems with only two types of color-sensitive visual receptors, rather than the three and four photoreceptors characteristic of humans and most birds, respectively. Here, we use a combination of multispectral imaging, reflectance spectroscopy, color vision modelling and visual texture analysis to compare the visual signals available to conspecifics and to mammalian predators from multicolored feathers from the Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus), as well as red and yellow parrot feathers. We also model the effects of distance-dependent blurring due to visual acuity. When viewed by birds against green vegetation, most of the feathers studied are estimated to have color and brightness contrasts similar to values previously found for ripe fruit. On the other hand, for dichromat mammalian predators, visual contrasts for these feathers were only weakly detectable and often below detection thresholds for typical viewing distances. We also show that for dichromat mammal vision models, the peacock's train has below-detection threshold color and brightness contrasts and visual textures that match various foliage backgrounds. These findings are consistent with many feathers of similar hue to those studied here being inconspicuous, and in some cases potentially cryptic, in the eyes of common mammalian predators of adult birds. Given that birds perform many conspicuous motions and behaviors, this study suggests that mammalian predators are more likely to use other sensory modalities (e.g., motion detection, hearing, and olfaction), rather than color vision, to detect avian prey. This suggests new directions for future behavioral studies and emphasizes the importance of understanding the influence of the sensory ecology of predators in the evolution of animal coloration.

更新日期：2019-11-01

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