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The Flavonoid Metabolite 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Is a CDK Inhibitor and an Anti-Proliferative Agent: A Potential Role in Cancer Prevention
Cancers ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-26 , DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030427
Ranjini Sankaranarayanan 1 , Chaitanya K Valiveti 1 , D Ramesh Kumar 2 , Severine Van Slambrouck 3 , Siddharth S Kesharwani 1 , Teresa Seefeldt 1 , Joy Scaria 4 , Hemachand Tummala 1 , G Jayarama Bhat 1
Affiliation  

Flavonoids have emerged as promising compounds capable of preventing colorectal cancer (CRC) due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is hypothesized that the metabolites of flavonoids are primarily responsible for the observed anti-cancer effects owing to the unstable nature of the parent compounds and their degradation by colonic microflora. In this study, we investigated the ability of one metabolite, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA) to inhibit Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) activity and cancer cell proliferation. Using in vitro kinase assays, we demonstrated that 2,4,6-THBA dose-dependently inhibited CDKs 1, 2 and 4 and in silico studies identified key amino acids involved in these interactions. Interestingly, no significant CDK inhibition was observed with the structurally related compounds 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THBA) and phloroglucinol, suggesting that orientation of the functional groups and specific amino acid interactions may play a role in inhibition. We showed that cellular uptake of 2,4,6-THBA required the expression of functional SLC5A8, a monocarboxylic acid transporter. Consistent with this, in cells expressing functional SLC5A8, 2,4,6-THBA induced CDK inhibitory proteins p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and inhibited cell proliferation. These findings, for the first time, suggest that the flavonoid metabolite 2,4,6-THBA may mediate its effects through a CDK- and SLC5A8-dependent pathway contributing to the prevention of CRC.

中文翻译:

黄酮类代谢物 2,4,6-三羟基苯甲酸是 CDK 抑制剂和抗增殖剂:在癌症预防中的潜在作用

由于其抗氧化和抗炎特性,类黄酮已成为能够预防结直肠癌 (CRC) 的有前途的化合物。据推测,由于母体化合物的不稳定性质及其被结肠微生物群落的降解,黄酮类化合物的代谢物是观察到的抗癌作用的主要原因。在这项研究中,我们研究了一种代谢物 2,4,6-三羟基苯甲酸 (2,4,6-THBA) 抑制细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 (CDK) 活性和癌细胞增殖的能力。使用体外激酶测定,我们证明 2,4,6-THBA 剂量依赖性地抑制 CDK 1、2 和 4,并且计算机研究确定了参与这些相互作用的关键氨基酸。有趣的是,结构相关的化合物 3,4、5-三羟基苯甲酸 (3,4,5-THBA) 和间苯三酚,表明官能团的取向和特定的氨基酸相互作用可能在抑制中起作用。我们发现细胞摄取 2,4,6-THBA 需要功能性 SLC5A8(一种单羧酸转运蛋白)的表达。与此一致,在表达功能性 SLC5A8 的细胞中,2,4,6-THBA 诱导 CDK 抑制蛋白 p21Cip1 和 p27Kip1 并抑制细胞增殖。这些发现首次表明,类黄酮代谢物 2,4,6-THBA 可能通过 CDK 和 SLC5A8 依赖性途径介导其作用,有助于预防 CRC。6-THBA 需要功能性 SLC5A8(一种单羧酸转运蛋白)的表达。与此一致,在表达功能性 SLC5A8 的细胞中,2,4,6-THBA 诱导 CDK 抑制蛋白 p21Cip1 和 p27Kip1 并抑制细胞增殖。这些发现首次表明,类黄酮代谢物 2,4,6-THBA 可能通过 CDK 和 SLC5A8 依赖性途径介导其作用,有助于预防 CRC。6-THBA 需要功能性 SLC5A8(一种单羧酸转运蛋白)的表达。与此一致,在表达功能性 SLC5A8 的细胞中,2,4,6-THBA 诱导 CDK 抑制蛋白 p21Cip1 和 p27Kip1 并抑制细胞增殖。这些发现首次表明,类黄酮代谢物 2,4,6-THBA 可能通过 CDK 和 SLC5A8 依赖性途径介导其作用,有助于预防 CRC。
更新日期:2019-03-26
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