突然的意外死亡和哺乳动物的潜水反应：复杂的紧耦合系统的灾难性故障。,Frontiers in Physiology

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突然的意外死亡和哺乳动物的潜水反应：复杂的紧耦合系统的灾难性故障。
Frontiers in Physiology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-19 , DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00097
Frank F Vincenzi _{1,

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Affiliation

在紧密耦合的复杂系统中，当两个或多个因素或事件以意想不到的方式相互作用时，高风险技术系统的灾难性故障很少发生，但发生得很快。安全功能通常内置于复杂的系统中以避免灾难，但往往也是问题的一部分。人体可被视为一个复杂的紧密耦合系统，当某些因素或事件相互作用时，存在罕见的灾难性故障（意外死亡，SUD）的风险。哺乳动物潜水反应（MDR）是身体的一种内置安全功能，通常在急性缺氧期间保存氧气。在某些婴儿猝死综合征 (SIDS)、癫痫意外死亡 (SUDEP) 和水中心源性猝死 (SCDIW，致命溺水) 病例中，MDR 的激活是导致心源性猝死 (SCD) 的最终途径。这些死亡情况中的任何一种都不是单一原因造成的，而是一系列未预料到的、通常未知的因素或事件激活哺乳动物潜水反射或与它们相互作用。在任何特定情况下，相关风险因素或事件可能包括遗传、发育、代谢、疾病、环境或操作影响的组合。在任何这些死亡情况下都不可能确定单一原因。这些看似不同的死亡场景的共同点是哺乳动物潜水反应的激活。人体是一个复杂的紧密耦合系统，当“安全功能”被激活时，就会面临罕见的灾难性故障的风险。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Sudden Unexpected Death and the Mammalian Dive Response: Catastrophic Failure of a Complex Tightly Coupled System.

In tightly coupled complex systems, when two or more factors or events interact in unanticipated ways, catastrophic failures of high-risk technical systems happen rarely, but quickly. Safety features are commonly built into complex systems to avoid disasters but are often part of the problem. The human body may be considered as a complex tightly coupled system at risk of rare catastrophic failure (sudden unexpected death, SUD) when certain factors or events interact. The mammalian dive response (MDR) is a built-in safety feature of the body that normally conserves oxygen during acute hypoxia. Activation of the MDR is the final pathway to sudden cardiac (SCD) in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and sudden cardiac death in water (SCDIW, fatal drowning). There is no single cause in any of these death scenarios, but an array of, unanticipated, often unknown, factors or events that activate or interact with the mammalian dive reflex. In any particular case, the relevant risk factors or events might include a combination of genetic, developmental, metabolic, disease, environmental, or operational influences. Determination of a single cause in any of these death scenarios is unlikely. The common thread among these seemingly different death scenarios is activation of the mammalian dive response. The human body is a complex tightly coupled system at risk of rare catastrophic failure when that "safety feature" is activated.

更新日期：2019-11-01

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