Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are a group of chemicals widely used in various everyday use products. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) are one of the commonly used chemicals belonging to this group. Due to the need of limitation of the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as retardants, the share of the compounds tested in our experiments in chemicals production systematically increases. There is limited information about the influence of halogenated OPFRs on living cells, especially on the immune system cells. That is why the aim of this study was to assess the impact of TCEP and TCPP on viability and morphological alterations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated with selected flame retardants in the concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 mM for 24 h. It was found that TCEP at 1 mM and TCPP at 0.5 mM decreased viability of PBMCs, while only TCPP induced morphological alterations in the incubated cells. The results of our experiments suggest that TCPP is more cytotoxic than TCEP, which can be explained by the presence of methyl groups in the molecule of this compound. Similar to other studies, our data also suggest that OPFRs are suitable replacements for PBDEs.

中文翻译：

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磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯和磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯对外周血单核细胞细胞活力和形态变化的影响（体外研究）。

有机磷阻燃剂（OPFR）是广泛用于各种日常使用产品中的一组化学物质。磷酸三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）和磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCPP）是属于这一组的常用化学品之一。由于需要限制使用多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）作为阻滞剂，因此在我们的实验中测试的化合物在化学品生产中的份额有系统地增加。关于卤化OPFR对活细胞，特别是免疫系统细胞的影响的信息有限。因此，本研究的目的是评估TCEP和TCPP对人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）的活力和形态变化的影响。将细胞与浓度范围为0的选定阻燃剂一起孵育。001至1 mM持续24小时。发现1mM的TCEP和0.5mM的TCPP降低了PBMC的活力，而只有TCPP诱导了孵育细胞的形态学改变。我们的实验结果表明，TCPP比TCEP具有更高的细胞毒性，这可以通过该化合物分子中存在甲基来解释。与其他研究相似，我们的数据还表明，OPFR是多溴二苯醚的合适替代品。