The cultural differences hypothesis is the assertion that there are large differences between Whites and racial/ethnic minorities in the United States, while there are small differences between- (e.g., African Americans and Latinos) and within- (e.g., Latinos: Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans) minority groups. Conversely, the cultural similarities hypothesis argues that there are small differences between Whites and minorities, and these differences are equal or smaller in magnitude than differences between and within minorities. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis focused on psychopathology, to (a) test these hypotheses by estimating the absolute average difference between Whites and minorities, as well as between and within minorities, on levels of psychopathology, and (b) determine if general and meta-analytic method moderators account for these differences. A systematic search in PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations identified 16 meta-analyses (13% unpublished) on 493 primary studies (N = 3,036,749). Differences between Whites and minorities (d+ = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [0.18, 0.28]), and between minorities (d+ = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.48]) were small in magnitude. White–minority differences remained small across moderators. These findings support the cultural similarities hypothesis. We discuss their implications and future research directions.

中文翻译：

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白人和少数族裔的相似之处多于不同之处吗？用二阶荟萃分析检验精神病理学的文化相似性假设

文化差异假设是这样一种断言，即美国白人和少数族裔之间存在很大差异，而在（例如，非裔美国人和拉丁裔）和内部（例如，拉丁裔：墨西哥裔美国人和古巴裔美国人）少数群体。相反，文化相似性假设认为白人和少数族裔之间存在微小差异，这些差异的大小等于或小于少数族裔之间和少数族裔内部的差异。在这项研究中，我们进行了一项专注于精神病理学的二阶荟萃分析，以（a）通过估计白人和少数族裔之间以及少数族裔之间和内部在精神病理学水平上的绝对平均差异来检验这些假设，(b) 确定一般和元分析方法的主持人是否解释了这些差异。在 PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 ProQuest Dissertations 中进行系统搜索，确定了 493 项主要研究的 16 项荟萃分析（13% 未发表）。ñ= 3,036,749)。白人与少数族裔之间的差异（d+= 0.23, 95% 置信区间 [0.18, 0.28])，以及少数族裔之间 (d+= 0.30, 95% 置信区间 [0.12, 0.48]) 的幅度很小。主持人之间的白人-少数族裔差异仍然很小。这些发现支持文化相似性假说。我们讨论了它们的影响和未来的研究方向。