Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.

中文翻译：

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类黄酮和其他多酚对炎症的影响。

类黄酮是一类多酚化合物，在自然界中广泛分布（蔬菜），并作为人类饮食的一部分被大量消费。还有其他类型的多酚，包括单宁和白藜芦醇。类黄酮和相关的多酚类化合物具有显着的抗炎活性。这篇简短的综述总结了有关类黄酮和相关多酚化合物对炎症的影响的当前知识，重点是结构要求，涉及的机制和药代动力学方面的考虑。已经确定了不同的分子（环氧合酶，脂氧合酶）和细胞靶标（巨噬细胞，淋巴细胞，上皮细胞，内皮）。另外，许多类黄酮显示出显着的抗氧化剂/自由基清除性能。这些化合物具有实质性的结构变化，势必对其生物学特性，特别是对炎症状况的影响具有影响。然而，总的来说，尽管结构上有很大的变化，但这些化合物的效果还是有很大的一致性。主要在髓样细胞中研究了该机制，其中主要作用是抑制NF-κB信号传导和下调促炎性标志物的表达。尽管在过去的十年中，类黄酮的药代动力学已经有了相当大的进步，但目前在体外和体内作用的知识上还存在空白。已经研究了许多类黄酮的肠道抗炎活性，这是合乎逻辑的，因为胃肠道自然暴露于它们。然而，