Cancer is a multifactorial disease, causing behavioral and metabolic alterations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation with collateral weakening of immune system. Crucial balance between cell proliferation and cell death determines the fate of a cell, which might progress towards survival or apoptosis. Apoptosis is a complex, programmed, and highly regulated process causing dramatic morphological and biochemical perturbations in the cellular machinery. Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycetes, polypore mushroom known for its pharmacological properties in cancer. The major bioconstituents in G. lucidum are terpenoids, polysaccharides, and proteins that target cancer-signaling factors like plasma membrane receptors proteins and adapter molecules. Of all constituents, the major terpenoid, i.e. Ganoderic acid is reported to interact with membrane receptors mainly, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs). Ganoderic acid interacts and modulates the signaling network in IR, IGFR-1, IGFR-2, VEGFR-1, VEFGR-2, and EGFR in cancer signaling pathways. It primarily targets NF-κB, RAS-MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and cell cycle resulting in apoptosis. This review highlights the role of ganoderic acid in apoptosis and modulations of various signaling proteins in cancer.

中文翻译：

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灵芝酸，类胡萝卜素三萜：凋亡的关键因素。

癌症是一种多因素疾病，会导致行为和代谢改变，导致不受控制的细胞增殖以及免疫系统的附带削弱。细胞增殖与细胞死亡之间的关键平衡决定了细胞的命运，它可能会走向生存或凋亡。细胞凋亡是一个复杂，程序化且高度受控的过程，在细胞机械中引起剧烈的形态和生化干扰。灵芝是一种担子菌，多孔蘑菇，以其在癌症中的药理特性而闻名。灵芝中的主要生物成分是类萜，多糖和靶向癌症信号转导因子的蛋白，例如质膜受体蛋白和衔接子分子。在所有成分中，主要的萜类化合物，即 灵芝酸据报道主要与膜受体相互作用，即受体酪氨酸激酶（RTKs）。灵芝酸在癌症信号传导途径中相互作用并调节IR，IGFR-1，IGFR-2，VEGFR-1，VEFGR-2和EGFR中的信号传导网络。它主要针对NF-κB，RAS-MAPK，PI3K / Akt / mTOR，以及导致细胞凋亡的细胞周期。这篇综述强调了灵芝酸在癌症中凋亡和各种信号蛋白调节中的作用。