Obesity is characterized by an enhanced infiltration of macrophages to adipose tissues, which is closely associated with the low-grade inflammatory state and obesity-related pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We showed here that dehydroabietic acid (DAA) is a potent PPARalpha/gamma dual activator. Furthermore, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of DAA in stimulated macrophages and in the coculture of macrophages and adipocytes. DAA significantly suppressed the production of proinflammatory mediators such as MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and NO in stimulated RAW 264 macrophages and in the coculture of RAW 264 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that DAA is a valuable medicinal and food component for improving inflammatory changes associated with obesity-related diabetes.

中文翻译：

---

脱氢松香酸是一种植物化学物质，可作为巨噬细胞和脂肪细胞中PPAR的配体来调节炎症。

肥胖症的特征是巨噬细胞向脂肪组织的浸润增强，这与低度炎症状态和与肥胖症相关的疾病（如2型糖尿病和心血管疾病）密切相关。我们在这里证明了脱氢松香酸（DAA）是有效的PPARalpha /γ双重激活剂。此外，我们检查了DAA在刺激的巨噬细胞以及巨噬细胞和脂肪细胞的共培养中的抗炎作用。DAA显着抑制了刺激的RAW 264巨噬细胞以及RAW 264巨噬细胞和3T3-L1脂肪细胞共培养中促炎性介质（如MCP-1，TNF-α和NO）的产生。这些结果表明，DAA是改善与肥胖相关的糖尿病相关的炎症变化的有价值的药物和食品成分。