增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)：DNA 复制和细胞周期调控的关键因素,Annals of Botany

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增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)：DNA 复制和细胞周期调控的关键因素
Annals of Botany ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2010-12-17 , DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq243
Wojciech Strzalka ₁ , Alicja Ziemienowicz

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背景 PCNA（增殖细胞核抗原）已在经历细胞分裂的酵母、植物和动物细胞的细胞核中发现，表明其在细胞周期调节和/或 DNA 复制中发挥作用。随后很明显，PCNA 在涉及细胞基因组的其他过程中也发挥了作用。范围本综述从蛋白质结构及其生化特性以及基因结构、组织、表达和功能方面讨论了真核 PCNA，重点是植物 PCNA。PCNA 通过作为 (1) DNA 合成过程中的滑动夹、(2) 聚合酶转换因子和 (3) 募集因子发挥三方作用。它的大部分功能是由它与参与 DNA 合成的各种蛋白质的相互作用介导的，修复和重组以及调节细胞周期和染色单体内聚力。此外，PCNA 的翻译后修饰在其功能的调节中起着关键作用。最后，PCNA 基因的系统发育比较表明，在大多数物种中观察到的多功能性是进化的产物。结论大多数植物 PCNA 表现出与其他真核生物 PCNA 相似的特征。相似之处包括：（1）PCNA 滑动钳的三聚环结构，（2）PCNA 参与 DNA 复制和修复，（3）刺激 DNA 聚合酶 δ 活性的能力和（4）相互作用的能力p21 是细胞周期的调节剂。然而，许多植物基因组似乎包含第二个可能是功能性的 PCNA 基因拷贝，

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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): a key factor in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation

BACKGROUND PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) has been found in the nuclei of yeast, plant and animal cells that undergo cell division, suggesting a function in cell cycle regulation and/or DNA replication. It subsequently became clear that PCNA also played a role in other processes involving the cell genome. SCOPE This review discusses eukaryotic PCNA, with an emphasis on plant PCNA, in terms of the protein structure and its biochemical properties as well as gene structure, organization, expression and function. PCNA exerts a tripartite function by operating as (1) a sliding clamp during DNA synthesis, (2) a polymerase switch factor and (3) a recruitment factor. Most of its functions are mediated by its interactions with various proteins involved in DNA synthesis, repair and recombination as well as in regulation of the cell cycle and chromatid cohesion. Moreover, post-translational modifications of PCNA play a key role in regulation of its functions. Finally, a phylogenetic comparison of PCNA genes suggests that the multi-functionality observed in most species is a product of evolution. CONCLUSIONS Most plant PCNAs exhibit features similar to those found for PCNAs of other eukaryotes. Similarities include: (1) a trimeric ring structure of the PCNA sliding clamp, (2) the involvement of PCNA in DNA replication and repair, (3) the ability to stimulate the activity of DNA polymerase δ and (4) the ability to interact with p21, a regulator of the cell cycle. However, many plant genomes seem to contain the second, probably functional, copy of the PCNA gene, in contrast to PCNA pseudogenes that are found in mammalian genomes.

更新日期：2010-12-17

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