鲜味刺激的受体和转导,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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鲜味刺激的受体和转导
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2009-07-01 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04106.x
Sue C Kinnamon ₁ , Aurelie Vandenbeuch

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L-谷氨酸和 5'-核糖核苷酸，如 GMP 和 IMP，会引起“鲜味”，也称为第五味。这篇综述将重点介绍我们对鲜味受体及其在味觉受体细胞中的下游信号效应器的理解方面的最新进展。已经在味蕾中鉴定出几种结合鲜味刺激物的 G 蛋白偶联受体，包括异二聚体 T1R1/T1R3、截短和脑形式的 mGluR4 和 mGluR1、脑 mGluR2 和脑 mGluR3。此外，离子型谷氨酸受体在味觉细胞中表达并且可能在味觉细胞和/或神经纤维之间的谷氨酸盐转导或信号传导中起作用。敲除 T1R1 或 T1R3 会减少但不会消除对鲜味刺激的反应，这表明多种受体对鲜味有贡献。鲜味 G 蛋白偶联受体下游的信号效应器涉及 PLCβ2 的 Gβγ 激活，以引起细胞内储存的 Ca2+ 释放和阳离子通道 TRPM5 的激活。在真菌和上颚味蕾中，T1R1/T1R3 与 Gα gustducin 和 transducin 共表达，但尚未鉴定出参与环绕味蕾的 Gα 蛋白。然而，在大多数味觉领域，cAMP 拮抗对鲜味刺激的反应，表明 Gα 亚基用于调节鲜味敏感性。

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Receptors and Transduction of Umami Taste Stimuli

L‐glutamate and 5′‐ribonucleotides, such as GMP and IMP, elicit the “umami” taste, also known as the fifth taste. This review will highlight recent advancements in our understanding of umami taste receptors and their downstream signaling effectors in taste receptor cells. Several G protein‐coupled receptors that bind umami stimuli have been identified in taste buds, including the heterodimer T1R1/T1R3, truncated and brain forms of mGluR4 and mGluR1, brain mGluR2, and brain mGluR3. Further, ionotropic glutamate receptors are expressed in taste cells and may play a role in glutamate transduction or signaling between taste cells and/or nerve fibers. Knockout of T1R1 or T1R3 reduces, but does not eliminate, responses to umami stimuli, suggesting that multiple receptors contribute to umami taste. The signaling effectors downstream of umami G protein‐coupled receptors involve Gβγ activation of PLCβ2 to elicit Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and activation of a cation channel, TRPM5. In fungiform and palatal taste buds, T1R1/T1R3 is co‐expressed with Gα gustducin and transducin, but the Gα proteins involved in circumvallate taste buds have not been identified. In most taste fields, however, cAMP antagonizes responses to umami stimuli, suggesting that the Gα subunit serves to modulate umami taste sensitivity.

更新日期：2009-07-01

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