Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the most frequently used antibiotics in the veterinary industry, showing high mobility in soils. Objectives of this research were to determine the sorption, distribution coefficients and involvement of different ionic forms of sulfamethazine (SMZ), a representative SAs, and to evaluate the transport of SMZ in biochar treated soils. Biochars were produced from an invasive plant, burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.), under slow pyrolysis conditions at peak temperatures of 300 °C (biochar-300) and 700 °C (biochar-700), respectively. The abilities of the biochars to retain SMZ in loamy sand and sandy loam soils were examined under different pHs and SMZ loadings. Soil column experiments were performed with and without biochars addition. Results showed that biochar-700 had a high degree of SMZ retention, with resultant decreased pH in both soils. Modeled effective sorption coefficients (KD,eff) values indicated that the observed high SMZ retention at pH 3 could be attributed to the π-π electron donor-acceptor interaction and electrostatic cation exchange, whereas at pH 5 and 7, cation exchange was the main mechanisms responsible. There was no temporal retardation of SMZ in biochar treated soil as compared to the untreated soil. However, biochar-700 treatment achieved up to 89% and 82% increase in the SMZ retention in sandy loam and loamy sand soils, respectively. The overall results demonstrated that burcucumber biochar produced at higher temperature was effective in reducing the mobility of SMZ in the studied soils.

中文翻译：

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磺胺二甲基嘧啶在农业土壤中的吸附和运输均经过入侵植物衍生的生物炭的改良。

磺酰胺（SAs）是兽医行业中最常用的抗生素之一，在土壤中具有很高的迁移率。这项研究的目的是确定具有代表性的SAs磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ）的不同离子形式的吸附，分布系数和参与程度，并评估SMZ在生物炭处理过的土壤中的迁移。生物炭是由入侵植物burcucumber（Sicyos angulatus L.）在缓慢的热解条件下分别在300°C（biochar-300）和700°C（biochar-700）的峰值温度下产生的。在不同的pH和SMZ负荷下，研究了生物炭在多沙和多沙壤土中保留SMZ的能力。在添加和不添加生物炭的情况下进行土壤柱实验。结果表明，biochar-700具有较高的SMZ保留率，结果导致两种土壤的pH值降低。建模的有效吸附系数（KD，eff）值表明，在pH 3时观察到的高SMZ保留量可归因于π-π电子供体-受体相互作用和静电阳离子交换，而在pH 5和7时，阳离子交换是主要的机制负责。与未经处理的土壤相比，经生物炭处理的土壤没有SMZ的时间延迟。但是，biochar-700处理在沙壤土和壤土中的SMZ保留率分别提高了89％和82％。总体结果表明，高温下生产的黄瓜生物炭可有效降低SMZ在研究土壤中的迁移率。eff）值表明，在pH 3时观察到的高SMZ保留率可归因于π-π电子供体-受体相互作用和静电阳离子交换，而在pH 5和7时，阳离子交换是主要的机理。与未经处理的土壤相比，经生物炭处理的土壤没有SMZ的时间延迟。但是，biochar-700处理在沙壤土和壤土中的SMZ保留率分别提高了89％和82％。总体结果表明，高温下生产的黄瓜生物炭可有效降低SMZ在研究土壤中的迁移率。eff）值表明，在pH 3时观察到的高SMZ保留率可归因于π-π电子供体-受体相互作用和静电阳离子交换，而在pH 5和7时，阳离子交换是主要的机理。与未经处理的土壤相比，经生物炭处理的土壤没有SMZ的时间延迟。但是，biochar-700处理在沙壤土和壤土中的SMZ保留率分别提高了89％和82％。总体结果表明，高温下生产的黄瓜生物炭可有效降低SMZ在研究土壤中的迁移率。与未经处理的土壤相比，经生物炭处理的土壤没有SMZ的时间延迟。然而，biochar-700处理在沙壤土和壤土中的SMZ保留分别提高了89％和82％。总体结果表明，高温下生产的黄瓜生物炭可有效降低SMZ在研究土壤中的迁移率。与未经处理的土壤相比，经生物炭处理的土壤没有SMZ的时间延迟。但是，biochar-700处理在沙壤土和壤土中的SMZ保留率分别提高了89％和82％。总体结果表明，高温下生产的黄瓜生物炭可有效降低SMZ在研究土壤中的迁移率。