微生物砷还原、氧化和挤出基因在广泛的环境砷浓度范围内的分布。,PLOS ONE

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微生物砷还原、氧化和挤出基因在广泛的环境砷浓度范围内的分布。
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2013-10-31 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078890
Lorena V Escudero ₁ , Emilio O Casamayor , Guillermo Chong , Carles Pedrós-Alió , Cecilia Demergasso

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在智利北部的一系列自然环境中探索了砷氧化、还原和挤出基因 arsC、arrA、aioA 和 acr3 的存在，砷浓度跨越六个数量级。文献中的引物和新设计的引物的组合用于探索 arsC 基因的存在，该基因在最常见的解毒机制之一中编码将 As (V) 还原为 As (III)。肠杆菌相关的arsC 基因仅出现在As 浓度最低的环境中，而Firmicutes 样基因存在于整个As 浓度范围内。在所有研究的系统中都发现了 arrA 基因，该基因涉及使用 As (V) 作为电子受体的无氧呼吸。As (III) 氧化基因 aioA 和 As (III) 转运基因 acr3 分别用两个引物组进行跟踪，并且还发现它们通过 As 浓度梯度传播。沉积物样品比水样具有更多数量的砷相关基因。考虑到这些样品可用的细菌群落组成的结果，栖息在沉积物中的微生物较高的微生物系统发育多样性可能解释了发现处理砷的遗传资源数量增加的原因。总体而言，砷相关基因的环境分布表明，不同 ArsC 家族的出现提供了不同程度的砷保护，如先前在实验室菌株中所述，

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Distribution of microbial arsenic reduction, oxidation and extrusion genes along a wide range of environmental arsenic concentrations.

The presence of the arsenic oxidation, reduction, and extrusion genes arsC, arrA, aioA, and acr3 was explored in a range of natural environments in northern Chile, with arsenic concentrations spanning six orders of magnitude. A combination of primers from the literature and newly designed primers were used to explore the presence of the arsC gene, coding for the reduction of As (V) to As (III) in one of the most common detoxification mechanisms. Enterobacterial related arsC genes appeared only in the environments with the lowest As concentration, while Firmicutes-like genes were present throughout the range of As concentrations. The arrA gene, involved in anaerobic respiration using As (V) as electron acceptor, was found in all the systems studied. The As (III) oxidation gene aioA and the As (III) transport gene acr3 were tracked with two primer sets each and they were also found to be spread through the As concentration gradient. Sediment samples had a higher number of arsenic related genes than water samples. Considering the results of the bacterial community composition available for these samples, the higher microbial phylogenetic diversity of microbes inhabiting the sediments may explain the increased number of genetic resources found to cope with arsenic. Overall, the environmental distribution of arsenic related genes suggests that the occurrence of different ArsC families provides different degrees of protection against arsenic as previously described in laboratory strains, and that the glutaredoxin (Grx)-linked arsenate reductases related to Enterobacteria do not confer enough arsenic resistance to live above certain levels of As concentrations.

更新日期：2019-11-01

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