D-Xylonic acid is a versatile platform chemical with reported applications as complexing agent or chelator, in dispersal of concrete, and as a precursor for compounds such as co-polyamides, polyesters, hydrogels and 1,2,4-butanetriol. With increasing glucose prices, D-xylonic acid may provide a cheap, non-food derived alternative for gluconic acid, which is widely used (about 80 kton/year) in pharmaceuticals, food products, solvents, adhesives, dyes, paints and polishes. Large-scale production has not been developed, reflecting the current limited market for D-xylonate. D-Xylonic acid occurs naturally, being formed in the first step of oxidative metabolism of D-xylose by some archaea and bacteria via the action of D-xylose or D-glucose dehydrogenases. High extracellular concentrations of D-xylonate have been reported for various bacteria, in particular Gluconobacter oxydans and Pseudomonas putida. High yields of D-xylonate from D-xylose make G. oxydans an attractive choice for biotechnical production. G. oxydans is able to produce D-xylonate directly from plant biomass hydrolysates, but rates and yields are reduced because of sensitivity to hydrolysate inhibitors. Recently, D-xylonate has been produced by the genetically modified bacterium Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. Expression of NAD(+)-dependent D-xylose dehydrogenase of Caulobacter crescentus in either E. coli or in a robust, hydrolysate-tolerant, industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain has resulted in D-xylonate titres, which are comparable to those seen with G. oxydans, at a volumetric rate approximately 30% of that observed with G. oxydans. With further development, genetically modified microbes may soon provide an alternative for production of D-xylonate at industrial scale.

中文翻译：

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微生物 D-木糖酸盐生产。

D-木糖酸是一种多功能平台化学品，据报道可用作络合剂或螯合剂、混凝土分散剂以及共聚酰胺、聚酯、水凝胶和 1,2,4-丁三醇等化合物的前体。随着葡萄糖价格的上涨，D-木糖酸可能为葡萄糖酸提供一种廉价的、非食品来源的替代品，葡萄糖酸广泛用于（约 80 千吨/年）在药品、食品、溶剂、粘合剂、染料、油漆和抛光剂中。尚未开发规模化生产，反映目前D-木糖酸盐市场有限。D-木糖酸是天然存在的，在一些古细菌和细菌通过 D-木糖或 D-葡萄糖脱氢酶的作用进行 D-木糖氧化代谢的第一步中形成。据报道，各种细菌的细胞外 D-木糖酸盐浓度很高，特别是氧化葡糖杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌。D-木糖中 D-木糖酸盐的高产量使 G. oxydans 成为生物技术生产的有吸引力的选择。G. oxydans 能够直接从植物生物质水解产物中生产 D-木糖酸盐，但由于对水解产物抑制剂的敏感性，速率和产率会降低。最近，D-木糖酸盐已由转基因细菌大肠杆菌和酵母酿酒酵母和乳酸克鲁维酵母生产。Caulobacter crescentus 的 NAD(+) 依赖性 D-木糖脱氢酶在大肠杆菌或稳健的、耐水解物的工业酿酒酵母菌株中的表达导致 D-木糖酸滴度，与 G. oxydans 的体积率约为 G. oxydans 的 30%。随着进一步的发展，