评估N，N-二乙基间甲苯胺（DEET）的环境命运和生态毒性。,Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

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评估N，N-二乙基间甲苯胺（DEET）的环境命运和生态毒性。
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2011-12-19 , DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1246
J A Weeks ₁ , P D Guiney , A I Nikiforov

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N，N-二乙基米甲苯胺（DEET）是全球许多商业上可以买到的驱虫剂中的关键活性成分。由于其在消费者中的流行将近30年，过去进行的大量工作已经证明并继续证明，人接触DEET对普通人群不会构成重大健康风险。本文报道的几项研究的结果描述了最近的工作，以了解DEET的环境命运，特别是在地表水和土壤中的命运，以及对水生和陆生生物的潜在危害。总而言之，DEET通过多种途径进入环境：在喷涂过程中直接进入空气；在喷雾过程中直接进入空气。通过喷洒处理和通过废水处理厂（WTTP）的排放间接地（由于洗皮肤和洗衣服）使地表水；或通过喷洒过量的土壤和应用处理过的污水来修正土壤。多媒体环境命运模型预测，进入环境的DEET会保留在接收水（〜79％）或土壤（〜21％）中。根据其理化性质，DEET有望在土壤柱中适度移动。在地表水和土壤中，DEET会以中等至快速的速度降解（其半衰期在几天到几周内即可测出）。保留在空气中的少量DEET会通过羟基自由基介导的降解或（如果呈液滴形式）在重力作用下沉降到土壤或水中而迅速发生光氧化。DEET不会干扰高层大气中的臭氧形成。DEET的生物蓄积潜力低；它既不是持久的生物累积性毒物，也不是持久的有机污染物。在水生物种中，急性影响浓度范围为4到388 mg / L。蚤和绿藻的慢性未观察到的效应浓度（NOEC）约为0.5至24 mg / L。测得的地表水中DEET浓度比最低的NOEC低数百至数千倍，因此对环境物种产生不利影响的可能性很低。Aronson等人的另一篇论文。（（本期）通过结合监测数据和暴露模型定量研究对水生环境的风险来支持这一结论。Integr环境评估管理，2012年； 8：120–134。©2011 SETAC

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Assessment of the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET).

N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET) is a key active ingredient in many insect repellents available commercially throughout the world. Owing to its popularity among consumers for nearly 30 years, considerable work conducted in the past has demonstrated—and continues to demonstrate—that human exposure to DEET poses no significant health risk to the general population. The results of several studies reported in this paper describe more recent work to understand the environmental fate of DEET, particularly in surface waters and soil, and the potential hazards to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In summary, DEET enters the environment through several pathways: directly into air during spray application; to surface water from overspray and indirectly via wastewater treatment plant (WTTP) discharges (as a result of washing of skin and laundering of clothing); or to soil via overspray and application of treated sewage as an amendment. Multimedia environmental fate modeling predicts that DEET entering the environment is retained either in receiving waters (∼79%) or in soil (∼21%). Based on its physicochemical properties, DEET is expected to be moderately mobile in the soil column. In surface waters and soil, DEET degrades at a moderate to rapid rate (its half‐life is measured in days to weeks). The small amounts of DEET retained in air are subject to rapid photo‐oxidation via hydroxyl radical–mediated degradation or, if in droplet form, gravitational settling to soil or water. DEET does not interfere with ozone formation in the upper atmosphere. The bioaccumulation potential of DEET is low; it is neither a persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant nor a persistent organic pollutant. Among aquatic species, acute effect concentrations range between 4 and 388 mg/L. The chronic no‐observed effect concentrations (NOEC) for daphnids and green algae range from approximately 0.5 to 24 mg/L. Measured concentrations of DEET in surface waters are several hundreds to thousands of times lower than the lowest NOEC measured, and thus the probability for adverse effects to environmental species is low. A separate paper by Aronson et al. (this issue) supports this conclusion by quantitatively exploring the risks to the aquatic environment using a combination of monitoring data and exposure modeling. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:120–134. © 2011 SETAC

更新日期：2011-12-19

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