葡萄糖代谢中的质子传输链：注意质子,Frontiers in Neuroscience

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葡萄糖代谢中的质子传输链：注意质子
Frontiers in Neuroscience ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 , DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00404
Dirk Roosterman ₁ , Wolfgang Meyerhof ₂ , Graeme S Cottrell ₃

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Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) 途径包含 11 种胞质酶，它们相互作用将葡萄糖代谢为乳酸 [CH3CH(OH)COOH]。糖酵解主要被认为是将葡萄糖转化为丙酮酸（CH3COCOO-）。我们认为糖酵解是一个细胞过程，因此，介导葡萄糖摄取和乳酸释放并使代谢物能够流过细胞的转运蛋白必须被视为 EMP 途径的一部分。在这篇综述中，我们认为代谢物流与不可逆且足以形成有序结构的能量流耦合。通过讨论乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 复合物不可逆地将丙酮酸/H+还原为乳酸 [CH3CH(OH)COO-]，或不可逆地催化相反的反应，即乳酸氧化为丙酮酸/H+，强调了后一个原理。然而，两种 LDH 复合物都被认为是由假定的质子传输链驱动的。葡萄糖代谢为两种乳酸是作为单向、连续流动的途径引入的。在生物体中，位于细胞膜上的质子连接的单羧酸转运蛋白催化糖酵解的最后一步，即乳酸的释放。因此，丙酮酸和乳酸都被讨论为糖酵解的中间产物和糖酵解流调节横切的底物。

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Proton Transport Chains in Glucose Metabolism: Mind the Proton

The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway comprises eleven cytosolic enzymes interacting to metabolize glucose to lactic acid [CH3CH(OH)COOH]. Glycolysis is largely considered as the conversion of glucose to pyruvate (CH3COCOO-). We consider glycolysis to be a cellular process and as such, transporters mediating glucose uptake and lactic acid release and enable the flow of metabolites through the cell, must be considered as part of the EMP pathway. In this review, we consider the flow of metabolites to be coupled to a flow of energy that is irreversible and sufficient to form ordered structures. This latter principle is highlighted by discussing that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) complexes irreversibly reduce pyruvate/H+ to lactate [CH3CH(OH)COO-], or irreversibly catalyze the opposite reaction, oxidation of lactate to pyruvate/H+. However, both LDH complexes are considered to be driven by postulated proton transport chains. Metabolism of glucose to two lactic acids is introduced as a unidirectional, continuously flowing pathway. In an organism, cell membrane-located proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters catalyze the final step of glycolysis, the release of lactic acid. Consequently, both pyruvate and lactate are discussed as intermediate products of glycolysis and substrates of regulated crosscuts of the glycolytic flow.

更新日期：2018-06-15

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