In this study we designed an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for RACK 1 detection using 11-cyanoundecyltrimethoxysilane (11-CUTMS) as a immobilization matrix to immobilize biorecognition element. The used silane agent (11-CUTMS) provides a favorable platform for efficient loading of anti-RACK 1 antibody. The effective loading of the biorecognition element on the 11-CUTMS matrix was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The electrochemical characterization of the immunosensor was performed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Moreover, biorecognition interaction between anti-RACK1 antibodies and RACK1 antigens was monitored by using single frequency technique (SFI). The operating conditions, calibration curves obtained during optimization of experiments and reproducibility of the proposed impedimetric RACK1 biosensor are also investigated and discussed. The electrochemical immunosensor illustrated a sensitive response to RACK 1 antigen with detection limit of 10.8 fg/mL and in the linear range of 0.036-2.278 pg/mL (R2 = 0.999). Owing to high specificity, good reproducibility, long stability and reusability, the fabricated immunosensor will provide a sensitive, selective approach to RACK 1 detection. Furthermore, the practical applicability in human serum samples were investigated with a satisfactory result.

中文翻译：

---

使用一次性、低成本和可重复的基于 ITO 的电极直接检测 RACK 1 的无标记电化学生物传感器

在这项研究中，我们设计了一种用于 RACK 1 检测的超灵敏电化学免疫传感器，使用 11-氰基十一烷基三甲氧基硅烷 (11-CUTMS) 作为固定基质来固定生物识别元件。使用的硅烷试剂 (11-CUTMS) 为有效加载抗 RACK 1 抗体提供了有利的平台。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、原子力显微镜 (AFM) 图像和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 光谱监测生物识别元素在 11-CUTMS 基质上的有效负载。通过使用电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 和循环伏安法 (CV) 技术对免疫传感器进行电化学表征。此外，通过使用单频技术 (SFI) 监测抗 RACK1 抗体和 RACK1 抗原之间的生物识别相互作用。还研究和讨论了操作条件、在实验优化过程中获得的校准曲线以及所提出的阻抗 RACK1 生物传感器的重现性。电化学免疫传感器显示对 RACK 1 抗原的灵敏响应，检测限为 10.8 fg/mL，线性范围为 0.036-2.278 pg/mL (R2 = 0.999)。由于高特异性、良好的重现性、长期稳定性和可重复使用性，所制造的免疫传感器将为 RACK 1 检测提供一种灵敏、选择性的方法。此外，研究了在人血清样品中的实际适用性，结果令人满意。电化学免疫传感器显示对 RACK 1 抗原的灵敏响应，检测限为 10.8 fg/mL，线性范围为 0.036-2.278 pg/mL (R2 = 0.999)。由于高特异性、良好的重现性、长期稳定性和可重复使用性，制造的免疫传感器将为 RACK 1 检测提供一种灵敏、选择性的方法。此外，研究了在人血清样品中的实际适用性，结果令人满意。电化学免疫传感器显示对 RACK 1 抗原的灵敏响应，检测限为 10.8 fg/mL，线性范围为 0.036-2.278 pg/mL (R2 = 0.999)。由于高特异性、良好的重现性、长期稳定性和可重复使用性，所制造的免疫传感器将为 RACK 1 检测提供一种灵敏、选择性的方法。此外，研究了在人血清样品中的实际适用性，结果令人满意。