Arsenic is a non-essential element that poses risks in many environments, including soil, groundwater, and surface water. Insights into the environmental biogeochemistry of As can be gained by comparing As and P reaction processes. Arsenic and P are chemical analogues, and it is proposed that they have similar chemical behaviors in environmental systems. However some chemical properties of As and P are distinct, such as redox reactions, causing the biogeochemical behavior of the two elements to differ. In the environment, As occurs as either As(V) or As(III) oxyanions (e.g., AsO43- or AsO33-). In contrast, P occurs predominantly as oxidation state five plus; most commonly as the orthophosphate ion (PO43-). In this paper, data from four published case studies are presented with a focus on P and As distribution and speciation in soil. The goal is show how analyzing P chemistry in soils can provide greater insights into As reaction processes in soils. The case studies discussed include: (1) soil developed from shale parent material, (2) mine-waste impacted wetland soils, (3) phosphate-amended contaminated soil, and (4) plants grown in biochar-amended, mine-contaminated soil. Data show that while P and As have competitive reactions in soils, in most natural systems they have distinct biogeochemical processes that create differing mobility and bioavailability. These processes include redox reactions and rhizosphere processes that affect As bioavailability. Results from these case studies are used as examples to illustrate how studying P and As together allows for enhanced interpretation of As biogeochemical processes in soils.

中文翻译：

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从四个案例研究回顾了土壤中磷与砷之间的相互作用。

砷是非必需元素，会在许多环境（包括土壤，地下水和地表水）中构成风险。通过比较砷和磷的反应过程，可以了解砷的环境生物地球化学。砷和磷是化学类似物，建议在环境系统中它们具有相似的化学行为。但是，As和P的某些化学性质是不同的，例如氧化还原反应，导致这两种元素的生物地球化学行为不同。在环境中，As以As（V）或As（III）氧阴离子（例如AsO43-或AsO33-）的形式出现。相反，P主要以5+的氧化态出现。最常见的是正磷酸根离子（PO43-）。本文介绍了四个已发表的案例研究的数据，重点研究了土壤中磷和砷的分布和形态。目的是表明如何分析土壤中的磷化学性质可以提供对土壤中砷反应过程的更多见解。讨论的案例研究包括：（1）由页岩母体发育的土壤；（2）受到矿山废物影响的湿地土壤；（3）磷酸盐改性的污染土壤；（4）在生物炭改性的，受矿井污染的土壤中生长的植物。数据表明，尽管P和As在土壤中具有竞争性反应，但在大多数自然系统中，它们具有独特的生物地球化学过程，从而产生不同的迁移率和生物利用度。这些过程包括氧化还原反应和影响As生物利用度的根际过程。这些案例研究的结果用作示例，以说明研究P和As在一起如何增强土壤中As生物地球化学过程的解释。