Ginsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.

中文翻译：

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人参皂甙Rh1：药理特性的系统综述。

人参皂苷Rh1是从红参中提取的主要生物活性化合物之一，红参已在全球范围内被越来越多地用于增强认知和身体健康。这项研究的目的是系统地审查人参皂甙Rh1的药理作用。我们对8个电子数据库进行了搜索，包括MEDLINE（公开），Scopus，Google Scholar，POPLINE，全球健康图书馆，虚拟健康图书馆，欧洲灰色文献信息系统和纽约医学研究院灰色文献报告，以进行选择最初的研究出版物报告了人参皂甙Rh1在体外和体内研究中的生物学和药理作用，与出版物语言和研究设计无关。应用纳入和排除标准后，我们共纳入了57项研究，用于系统评价。人参皂苷Rh1表现出强效的抗炎，抗氧化，免疫调节作用以及对神经系统的积极作用。人参皂苷Rh1的细胞毒作用取决于不同类型的细胞系。提及了其他药理作用，包括雌激素，酶，抗微生物活性和心血管作用，但结果差异很大。强烈建议在临床试验研究中提供更高质量的证据，以确认人参皂苷Rh1的疗效一致。人参皂苷Rh1的细胞毒作用取决于不同类型的细胞系。提及了其他药理作用，包括雌激素，酶，抗微生物活性和心血管作用，但结果差异很大。强烈建议在临床试验研究中提供更高质量的证据，以确认人参皂苷Rh1的疗效一致。人参皂苷Rh1的细胞毒作用取决于不同类型的细胞系。提及了其他药理作用，包括雌激素，酶，抗微生物活性和心血管作用，但结果差异很大。强烈建议在临床试验研究中提供更高质量的证据，以确认人参皂苷Rh1的疗效一致。