Moroxydine hydrochloride (Mor) and ribavirin (Rib) are known for their multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses but little information is available about the pharmacological impact in aquaculture. The present study was undertaken to investigate the response of host cells to antiviral compounds during the anti-GCRV treatment. The scanning electron microscope results showed that Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells have a higher death rate at 72h post virus infection. At the concentration of 40μgmL-1, Mor and Rib had a significant protective effect on virus-infected cells. Moreover, the gene expressions of vp5, vp6 and NS66 were significantly inhibited by treatment with Mor or Rib, especially gene expression of the vp5. For the immunoregulatory action, no distinct induction of the expression of immune genes was observed after the addition of Mor and Rib to the virus-free cells. However, the compounds significantly decreased the virus-induced gene overexpression of Myd88, Mx1, IL-1β, IL-8, I-IFN and TNFα in CIK cells. Moreover, Mor and Rib significantly inhibited the immune genes upregulation which was induced by GCRV in kidney, liver, muscle and gill of grass carp, despite greater partial gene expressions were detected than the virus-free control group. Besides, Mor and Rib blocked cell cycle changes, cytopathic effects, cellular death and virus proliferation in CIK cells thereby maintaining normal morphological structure. Overall, Mor and Rib as antiviral compounds are effective for the control of GCRV replication and the indirectly regulation of cellular immune response.

中文翻译：

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盐酸莫洛西定和利巴韦林通过抑制GCRV增殖对细胞生长和免疫反应的影响。

盐酸莫罗西定（Mor）和利巴韦林（Rib）以其对DNA和RNA病毒的多重抗病毒活性而闻名，但有关水产养殖药理作用的信息很少。进行本研究以研究抗GCRV治疗期间宿主细胞对抗病毒化合物的反应。扫描电子显微镜结果表明，在感染病毒后72小时，Ctenopharyngodon idella肾（CIK）细胞具有较高的死亡率。当浓度为40μgmL-1时，Mor和Rib对病毒感染的细胞具有显着的保护作用。此外，用Mor或Rib处理显着抑制了vp5，vp6和NS66的基因表达，特别是vp5的基因表达。对于免疫调节作用 将Mor和Rib加入无病毒细胞后，未观察到免疫基因表达的明显诱导。但是，这些化合物显着降低了CIK细胞中病毒诱导的Myd88，Mx1，IL-1β，IL-8，I-IFN和TNFα的基因过表达。此外，尽管检测到的部分基因表达比无病毒对照组更大，但Mor和Rib显着抑制了GCRV在草鱼的肾脏，肝脏，肌肉和g中诱导的免疫基因上调。此外，Mor和Rib阻止了CIK细胞的细胞周期变化，细胞病变作用，细胞死亡和病毒增殖，从而维持了正常的形态结构。总体而言，Mor和Rib作为抗病毒化合物可有效控制GCRV复制和间接调节细胞免疫应答。