In human neuroblastoma cell cultures, non-human primates and human beings, L-serine is neuroprotective, acting through a variety of biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Although L-serine is generally classified as a non-essential amino acid, it is probably more appropriate to term it as a “conditional non-essential amino acid” since, under certain circumstances, vertebrates cannot synthesize it in sufficient quantities to meet necessary cellular demands. L-serine is biosynthesized in the mammalian central nervous system from 3-phosphoglycerate and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the amino acids glycine and cysteine. Physiologically, it has a variety of roles, perhaps most importantly as a phosphorylation site in proteins. Mutations in the metabolic enzymes that synthesize L-serine have been implicated in various human diseases. Dosing of animals with L-serine and human clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effects of L-serine support the FDA’s determination that L-serine is generally regarded as safe (GRAS); it also appears to be neuroprotective. We here consider the role of L-serine in neurological disorders and its potential as a therapeutic agent.

中文翻译：

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L-丝氨酸：具有治疗潜力的天然存在的氨基酸。

在人类神经母细胞瘤细胞培养物，非人类灵长类动物和人类中，L-丝氨酸具有神经保护作用，通过多种生化和分子机制起作用。尽管L-丝氨酸通常被归类为非必需氨基酸，但将其称为“条件性非必需氨基酸”可能更合适，因为在某些情况下，脊椎动物无法合成足够数量的L-丝氨酸来满足必需的细胞需要。L-丝氨酸是由3-磷酸甘油酸酯在哺乳动物中枢神经系统中生物合成的，并用作氨基酸甘氨酸和半胱氨酸合成的前体。在生理上，它具有多种作用，也许最重要的是作为蛋白质中的磷酸化位点。合成L-丝氨酸的代谢酶的突变与多种人类疾病有关。用L-丝氨酸对动物给药以及研究L-丝氨酸治疗效果的人体临床试验支持FDA确定L-丝氨酸通常被认为是安全的（GRAS）；它也似乎具有神经保护作用。我们在这里考虑L-丝氨酸在神经系统疾病中的作用及其作为治疗剂的潜力。