The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water occurs when chemical disinfectants such as chlorine and chloramine react with natural organic matter and anthropogenic pollutants. Some DBPs have been linked to bladder cancer and infertility; however, the underlying mechanism of action is unknown. One possibility is disruption of the endocrine system, with DBPs binding to the androgen receptor and subsequently altering gene expression. Using the androgen receptor-binding assay and in silico molecular docking, the binding affinity of 21 suspected and known DBPs were tested individually at concentrations over the range 0.1 nM-2 mM. 14 DBPs were found to bind at IC50 values ranging from 1.86 mM for 2,3-dichloropropionamide to 13.5 μM for 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-benzoquinone as compared to the positive control, 4-n-nonylphenol which bound at 31.6 μM. Since DBPs are present in drinking waters as mixtures, the question of how IC50 values for individual DBPs might be affected by the presence of other chemicals is addressed. Seven of the chemicals with the strongest binding affinities and one chemical with no binding affinity were tested in binary mixtures with 4-n-nonylphenol, a known androgenic chemical found in some surface waters. In these binary mixtures, concentration additive binding was observed. While typical levels of individual androgenic DBPs in drinking water are below their measured IC50 values, their combined binding abilities in mixtures could be a source of androgen disruption.

中文翻译：

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鉴定与雄激素受体结合的内分泌主动消毒副产物（DBP）。

当化学消毒剂（例如氯和氯胺）与天然有机物和人为污染物发生反应时，就会在饮用水中形成消毒副产物（DBP）。一些DBPs与膀胱癌和不育症有关；但是，其作用机理尚不清楚。一种可能性是破坏内分泌系统，使DBP与雄激素受体结合并随后改变基因表达。使用雄激素受体结合试验和计算机分子对接，分别在浓度范围为0.1 nM-2 mM的范围内分别测试了21种可疑和已知DBP的结合亲和力。与阳性对照相比，发现14个DBP结合的IC50值范围为：2,3-二氯丙酰胺为1.86 mM，3,4,5,6-四氯苯醌为13.5μM，结合至31.6μM的4-正壬基苯酚。由于DBP以混合形式存在于饮用水中，因此解决了单个DBP的IC50值如何受其他化学品的存在影响的问题。在与某些表面水域中发现的已知雄性化学物质4-正壬基苯酚的二元混合物中，测试了7种具有最强结合亲和力的化学物质和1种没有结合亲和力的化学物质。在这些二元混合物中，观察到浓度添加剂结合。尽管饮用水中单个雄激素DBP的典型水平低于其测得的IC50值，但它们在混合物中的结合结合能力可能是雄激素破坏的来源。解决了其他DBP如何影响单个DBP的IC50值的问题。在与某些表面水域中发现的已知雄性化学物质4-正壬基苯酚的二元混合物中，测试了7种具有最强结合亲和力的化学物质和1种没有结合亲和力的化学物质。在这些二元混合物中，观察到浓度添加剂结合。尽管饮用水中单个雄激素DBP的典型水平低于其测得的IC50值，但它们在混合物中的结合结合能力可能是雄激素破坏的来源。解决了其他DBP如何影响单个DBP的IC50值的问题。在与某些表面水域中发现的已知雄性化学物质4-正壬基苯酚的二元混合物中，测试了7种具有最强结合亲和力的化学物质和1种没有结合亲和力的化学物质。在这些二元混合物中，观察到浓度添加剂结合。尽管饮用水中单个雄激素DBP的典型水平低于其测得的IC50值，但它们在混合物中的结合结合能力可能是雄激素破坏的来源。观察到浓度添加剂结合。尽管饮用水中单个雄激素DBP的典型水平低于其测得的IC50值，但它们在混合物中的结合结合能力可能是雄激素破坏的来源。观察到浓度添加剂结合。尽管饮用水中单个雄激素DBP的典型水平低于其测得的IC50值，但它们在混合物中的结合结合能力可能是雄激素破坏的来源。