This study was conducted to determine the impact of (-)-hydroxycitric acid ((-)-HCA) on biochemical indices and lipid metabolism parameters in chicken embryos. Two hundred and forty fertilized eggs were divided into six groups and injected with (-)-HCA at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 50 mg/kg (n = 40). After 19 days of incubation, serum and liver were collected for analysis of biochemical indices and lipid metabolism parameters. Results showed no significant differences on serum biochemical indices: 1-50 mg/kg (-)-HCA significantly increased serum glucose and hepatic glycogen contents (P < 0.05). Oil Red O staining analysis showed total area, counts of lipid droplets and hepatic triglyceride content were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), meanwhile hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05). ACLY, ME1, SREBP-1c messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 0.5-10 mg/kg groups and FAS mRNA level in 1-10 mg/kg groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while PPARα mRNA level, serum adiponectin content and AdipoR1 mRNA level were significantly increased in 0.5-50 mg/kg groups (P < 0.05). These results indicated (-)-HCA treatment inhibited triglyceride synthesis via decreasing lipogenesis-related factors, mRNA expression level and accelerated lipolysis by enhancing lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity, which finally reduced lipid droplet accumulation, and this action may be associated with activating the adiponectin signaling pathway.

中文翻译：

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(-)-羟基柠檬酸对鸡胚脂滴积累的影响。

本研究旨在确定 (-)-羟基柠檬酸 ((-)-HCA) 对鸡胚生化指标和脂质代谢参数的影响。将 240 个受精卵分为 6 组，注射浓度为 0、0.1、0.5、1.0、10.0 和 50 mg/kg 的 (-)-HCA（n = 40）。孵育19天后，收集血清和肝脏用于分析生化指标和脂质代谢参数。结果显示血清生化指标无显着差异：1-50 mg/kg (-)-HCA 显着增加血清葡萄糖和肝糖原含量（P < 0.05）。油红O染色分析显示总面积、脂滴数和肝甘油三酯含量显着降低（P < 0.01），同时肝脂肪酶和脂蛋白脂肪酶活性显着升高(P < 0.05)。0.5-10 mg/kg组ACLY、ME1、SREBP-1c信使RNA（mRNA）水平和1-10 mg/kg组FAS mRNA水平显着降低（P < 0.05），而PPARα mRNA水平、血清脂联素含量和AdipoR1 mRNA水平在0.5-50 mg/kg组中显着增加(P < 0.05)。这些结果表明 (-)-HCA 处理通过降低脂肪生成相关因子、mRNA 表达水平和通过增强脂蛋白脂肪酶和肝脂肪酶活性加速脂肪分解来抑制甘油三酯合成，最终减少脂滴积累，这种作用可能与激活脂联素信号通路。5-10 mg/kg组和1-10 mg/kg组FAS mRNA水平显着降低（P < 0.05），而PPARα mRNA水平、血清脂联素含量和AdipoR1 mRNA水平在0.5-50 mg/kg组显着升高组 (P < 0.05)。这些结果表明 (-)-HCA 处理通过降低脂肪生成相关因子、mRNA 表达水平和通过增强脂蛋白脂肪酶和肝脂肪酶活性加速脂肪分解来抑制甘油三酯合成，最终减少脂滴积累，这种作用可能与激活脂联素信号通路。5-10 mg/kg组和1-10 mg/kg组FAS mRNA水平显着降低（P < 0.05），而PPARα mRNA水平、血清脂联素含量和AdipoR1 mRNA水平在0.5-50 mg/kg组显着升高组 (P < 0.05)。这些结果表明 (-)-HCA 处理通过降低脂肪生成相关因子、mRNA 表达水平和通过增强脂蛋白脂肪酶和肝脂肪酶活性加速脂肪分解来抑制甘油三酯合成，最终减少脂滴积累，这种作用可能与激活脂联素信号通路。