Development of the new, insensitive, energetic compound, NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), creates need for the data on NTO's fate and transport to predict its behavior in the environment and potential for groundwater contamination. To measure the transport of NTO in soils, we conducted miscible-displacement experiments under steady state and interrupted flow conditions using eight soils having varying physical and geochemical properties. The breakthrough curve (BTC) data were analyzed using temporal moment analysis and simulated using HYDRUS-1D to determine transport parameters and better understand the mechanisms of sorption and transformation. Parameters determined from the miscible-displacement study were compared to results obtained from batch experiments conducted for the same soils, and examined in relation to soil properties. Column NTO linear adsorption coefficients (Kd) were low and correlated well (P = 0.000049) with measurements from the batch studies. NTO transformation rate constants increased and NTO recovery decreased with increase in soil organic carbon (OC) content. Autoclaved soils had slower transformation rates and greater NTO recoveries indicating that microorganisms play a role in NTO transformation. In addition, the transformation rate increased with time in soils with higher OC. Monod-type kinetics was implemented in HYDRUS-1D to simulate the observed increase in transformation rate with time. We think this phenomenon is due to bacterial growth. Results indicate very low adsorption of NTO in a range of soils, but natural attenuation through transformation that, depending on soil OC content and hydraulic residence time, could result in complete removal of NTO.

中文翻译：

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土壤中3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）的色谱柱迁移研究

新的，不敏感的高能化合物NTO（3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮）的开发使人们需要有关NTO命运和运输的数据，以预测其在环境中的行为以及地下水的潜力污染。为了测量NTO在土壤中的迁移，我们使用八种具有不同物理和地球化学性质的土壤在稳态和间断流动条件下进行了混相驱替实验。使用时间矩分析法分析了穿透曲线（BTC）数据，并使用HYDRUS-1D进行了模拟，以确定传输参数并更好地理解了吸附和转化的机理。将由混溶驱替研究确定的参数与对相同土壤进行的分批实验获得的结果进行比较，并检查其与土壤特性的关系。色谱柱的NTO线性吸附系数（Kd）低，与批次研究的测量值相关性很好（P = 0.000049）。随着土壤有机碳含量的增加，NTO转化速率常数增加，NTO回收率降低。高压灭菌的土壤的转化速率较慢，NTO回收率较高，表明微生物在NTO转化中起作用。此外，在OC较高的土壤中，转化率随时间增加。在HYDRUS-1D中实施了Monod型动力学，以模拟观察到的转化率随时间的增加。我们认为这种现象是由于细菌生长所致。结果表明，NTO在多种土壤中的吸附率很低，但通过转化自然衰减，这取决于土壤中的OC含量和水力停留时间，