Adipose tissue is not only a lipid storage site, but also a well-known endocrine organ. Dysfunction of adipose tissue is associated with irregular lipid metabolism, ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. It is proposed that modulating on adipose tissue is a reasonable way to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism. (±)-sanggenol F (SGF, purity >98.5%) was synthesized as a racemic mixture of natural (+)-sanggenol F. In this study, SGF was found to promote adipocyte differentiation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and upregulate beneficial adipokines expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that treatment with SGF for 4 weeks improved glucose metabolism, by decreasing fasting blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity. It also improved lipid metabolism, with reduced serum lipid level and ameliorated hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. During the process of target finding, we found that SGF had multiple activities of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonism. These results showed the potential of SGF as a candidate for the therapy of type 2 diabetes.

中文翻译：

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Sanggenol F通过促进脂肪细胞分化和修饰脂肪因子表达发挥抗糖尿病作用。

脂肪组织不仅是脂质的存储部位，而且是众所周知的内分泌器官。脂肪组织功能障碍与脂质代谢异常，异位脂质蓄积和胰岛素抵抗有关。提出在脂肪组织上进行调节是改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢的合理方法。（±）-桑固醇F（SGF，纯度> 98.5％）作为天然（+）-桑固醇F的外消旋混合物合成。在这项研究中，发现SGF可以促进脂肪细胞分化，增强胰岛素敏感性和上调有益的脂肪因子表达。在3T3-L1细胞中 此外，体内研究表明，用SGF治疗4周可降低空腹血糖并增强胰岛素敏感性，从而改善葡萄糖代谢。它还可以改善脂质代谢，在db / db小鼠中具有降低的血脂水平和改善的肝脂肪变性。在寻找目标的过程中，我们发现SGF具有抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α激动的多种活性。这些结果表明，SGF有潜力作为治疗2型糖尿病的候选药物。