<br>整合组学方法来了解油料作物种子发育过程中的油/蛋白质含量。,Plant Cell Reports

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整合组学方法来了解油料作物种子发育过程中的油/蛋白质含量。
Plant Cell Reports ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2016-11-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2064-1
Manju Gupta ₁ , Pudota B Bhaskar ₁ , Shreedharan Sriram ₁ , Po-Hao Wang ₁

Affiliation

油籽作物，特别是大豆 (Glycine max) 和油菜籽 (Brassica napus)，产生富含蛋白质和油的种子，是全世界能源和营养的主要来源。种子中的大部分营养成分在种子发育的灌浆阶段积累在胚中。了解种子灌浆过程中活跃的代谢途径及其调节方式是作物改良的重要先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们总结了大豆和油菜籽/油菜籽在种子灌浆过程中的各种组学研究，重点是油和蛋白质特性，以获得对种子发育的系统级了解。目前，大多数（80-85%）大豆和油菜参考基因组已完成测序（分别为 950 和 850 兆碱基）。与此同时，来自不同种子填充阶段的广泛组学数据集已经可用。转录组和蛋白质组研究发现，与其他作物相比，淀粉代谢和糖酵解酶的优势可能是甘蓝型油菜含油量较高的原因。在种子灌浆阶段进行的小 RNA 组研究揭示了 miRNA 介导的转录因子调节，表明这种相互作用可能负责种子从胚胎发生到成熟的转变。此外，还描述了在剖析脂肪酸从头合成和蛋白质储存途径的调节方面取得的进展。高通量组学和全面的组织特异性分析的进步使得现在成为尝试对复杂调控途径进行知识驱动的研究的激动人心的时刻。

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Integration of omics approaches to understand oil/protein content during seed development in oilseed crops.

Oilseed crops, especially soybean (Glycine max) and canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus), produce seeds that are rich in both proteins and oils and that are major sources of energy and nutrition worldwide. Most of the nutritional content in the seed is accumulated in the embryo during the seed filling stages of seed development. Understanding the metabolic pathways that are active during seed filling and how they are regulated are essential prerequisites to crop improvement. In this review, we summarize various omics studies of soybean and canola/rapeseed during seed filling, with emphasis on oil and protein traits, to gain a systems-level understanding of seed development. Currently, most (80-85%) of the soybean and rapeseed reference genomes have been sequenced (950 and 850 megabases, respectively). Parallel to these efforts, extensive omics datasets from different seed filling stages have become available. Transcriptome and proteome studies have detected preponderance of starch metabolism and glycolysis enzymes to be the possible cause of higher oil in B. napus compared to other crops. Small RNAome studies performed during the seed filling stages have revealed miRNA-mediated regulation of transcription factors, with the suggestion that this interaction could be responsible for transitioning the seeds from embryogenesis to maturation. In addition, progress made in dissecting the regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis and protein storage pathways is described. Advances in high-throughput omics and comprehensive tissue-specific analyses make this an exciting time to attempt knowledge-driven investigation of complex regulatory pathways.

更新日期：2016-10-27

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