三种雌雄异株冬青属植物的花寿命和开花同步性与授粉和交配成功的性二态性,American Journal of Botany

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三种雌雄异株冬青属植物的花寿命和开花同步性与授粉和交配成功的性二态性
American Journal of Botany ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2015-07-01 , DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500073
Seiko Matsuhisa ₁ , Atushi Ushimaru ₁

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未标记 • 研究前提花性异形性可能在传粉媒介介导的自然选择下进化，雌性和雄性功能受到不同影响。我们假设交配成功受两性之间显示大小的不同影响，在这种情况下，雌雄异株物种的开花时间表中的两性二态性已经进化。 • 方法我们检查了每枝花的总数、每日最大显示大小、个体寿命的两性二态性。花，以及雌花不小于雄花的三种雌雄异株冬青（I. pedunculosa、I. serrata 和 I. crenata）的开花同步（开放花的最大比例）。我们比较了传粉者对两性之间每日显示大小的自然变化的反应。我们还研究了展示大小对雌性和雄性成功（坐果和花粉沉积和去除）的影响。 • 主要结果在这三个物种中，雄性枝条比雌性枝条开出的花明显多。虽然雌花比雄花持续时间更长，开放更同步，但雄花的每日最大展示尺寸比雌花大。所有物种在田间坐果明显受花粉限制。在这三个物种中，花粉沉积和/或坐果随着雌性展示尺寸的增加而增加，而花粉去除随着雄性展示尺寸而减少或大致恒定。

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Sexual dimorphism in floral longevity and flowering synchrony in relation to pollination and mating success in three dioecious Ilex species

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Sexual floral dimorphism may have evolved under pollinator-mediated natural selection by which female and male functions are differently influenced. We hypothesized that mating success is differently influenced by display size between sexes, under which sexual dimorphism in flowering schedule has evolved in dioecious species.• METHODS We examined sexual dimorphism in the total number of flowers per shoot, maximum daily display size, longevity of individual flowers, and flowering synchrony (maximum proportion of open flowers) in three dioecious Ilex species (I. pedunculosa, I. serrata, and I. crenata) whose female flowers are not smaller than male flowers. We compared pollinator response to natural variation of daily display size between sexes. We also examined the effect of display size on female and male success (fruit set and pollen deposition and removal).• KEY RESULTS In the three species, male shoots produced significantly more flowers than female shoots did. Although female flowers lasted longer and opened more synchronously than male flowers, maximum daily display size was larger on male shoots than on female shoots. Fruit set was significantly pollen-limited in the field in all species. Pollen deposition and/or fruit set increased with female display size, whereas pollen removal decreased or was approximately constant with male display size in the three species.• CONCLUSIONS We suggest that sexual dimorphism in floral longevity and flowering synchrony might enhance both female and male success in relation to the display size-mating success (pollinator attraction) association irrespective of flower size dimorphism.

更新日期：2015-07-01

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