植物醛酮还原酶 (AKR) 作为参与多种植物代谢过程和应激防御的多任务士兵：结构-功能更新,Journal of Plant Physiology

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植物醛酮还原酶 (AKR) 作为参与多种植物代谢过程和应激防御的多任务士兵：结构-功能更新
Journal of Plant Physiology ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2015-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.004
Debashree Sengupta ₁ , Dhiraj Naik ₂ , Attipalli R Reddy ₃

Affiliation

醛酮还原酶 (AKR) 超家族由大量主要为单体的蛋白质成员组成，可减少从单糖到潜在有毒醛的广泛底物。植物 AKR 可以大致分为四个重要的功能组，它们突出了它们在多种植物代谢反应中的作用，包括反应性醛解毒、渗透物的生物合成、次级代谢和膜转运。此外，植物 AKR 的多个重叠功能方面，包括生物和非生物胁迫防御、商业上重要的次生代谢物的产生、从土壤中获取铁、植物-微生物相互作用等，作为各自主要组内的子类别进行了讨论。由于来自拟南芥的充分表征的 AKR4C9 具有广泛的底物特异性和多重胁迫耐受性，分析了来自四十种不同植物物种（Phytozome 数据库）的 AKR4C9（A9 样蛋白）的所有同源物的蛋白质序列。分析表明，所有 A9 样蛋白都具有严格保守的关键催化残基（D-47、Y-52 和 K-81），属于 pfam00248 和 cl00470 AKR 超家族。基于负责广泛底物特异性的 AKR4C9 的三个柔性环（环 A、B 和 C）的结构同源性，预测在芸苔、菜豆、黄瓜、毛果杨和番茄中发现的 A9 样蛋白具有相似范围的底物特异性。因此，植物 AKR 可被视为未来开发抗逆品种的潜在育种目标。本综述对植物 AKR 的当前研究状态进行了综合更新，重点介绍了重要的功能方面及其潜在的未来前景，并深入了解了 A9 样蛋白的整体结构 - 功能关系。

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Plant aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) as multi-tasking soldiers involved in diverse plant metabolic processes and stress defense: A structure-function update

The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily comprises of a large number of primarily monomeric protein members, which reduce a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from simple sugars to potentially toxic aldehydes. Plant AKRs can be broadly categorized into four important functional groups, which highlight their roles in diverse plant metabolic reactions including reactive aldehyde detoxification, biosynthesis of osmolytes, secondary metabolism and membrane transport. Further, multiple overlapping functional aspects of plant AKRs including biotic and abiotic stress defense, production of commercially important secondary metabolites, iron acquisition from soil, plant-microbe interactions etc. are discussed as subcategories within respective major groups. Owing to the broad substrate specificity and multiple stress tolerance of the well-characterized AKR4C9 from Arabidopsis thaliana, protein sequences of all the homologues of AKR4C9 (A9-like proteins) from forty different plant species (Phytozome database) were analyzed. The analysis revealed that all A9-like proteins possess strictly conserved key catalytic residues (D-47, Y-52 and K-81) and belong to the pfam00248 and cl00470 AKR superfamilies. Based on structural homology of the three flexible loops of AKR4C9 (Loop A, B and C) responsible for broad substrate specificity, A9-like proteins found in Brassica rapa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Populus trichocarpa and Solanum lycopersicum were predicted to have a similar range of substrate specificity. Thus, plant AKRs can be considered as potential breeding targets for developing stress tolerant varieties in the future. The present review provides a consolidated update on the current research status of plant AKRs with an emphasis on important functional aspects as well as their potential future prospects and an insight into the overall structure-function relationships of A9-like proteins.

更新日期：2015-05-01

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