This review will cover the developments in the chemistry of phenanthroline-based ligands in the last 10–15 years. 1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is a classic ligand in coordination chemistry, which couples versatility in metal ion binding with peculiar properties of its complexes. For instance, metal complexes with phenanthroline can be featured by an intense luminescence or can interact with DNA in an intercalative fashion inducing, in some cases, DNA cleavage. For this reason a number of phenanthroline-containing ligands has been recently synthesized by inserting phenanthroline within open-chain or macrocyclic backbone, in order to develop new molecular chemosensors for metal cations and anions, ionophores as well as new intercalating agents for polynucleotides. Furthermore, phenanthroline is rigid and its insertion within cyclic or acyclic structures can impart to the resulting ligand a high degree of pre-organization, affording selective complexing agents. This review will discuss on the coordination, luminescence and intercalating and/or DNA cleaving properties as well as on analytical applications of metal complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands. Particular attention will be devoted to macrocyclic receptors or open-chain ligands that, beside the phenanthroline nitrogen atoms, contain other donor atoms able to interact with the metal cations or anions.

中文翻译：

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1,10-邻菲咯啉：用于各种目的的配体构建的多功能构建基块

这篇综述将涵盖过去10到15年间基于菲咯啉的配体的化学发展。1,10-菲咯啉（phen）是配位化学中的经典配体，将金属离子结合的多功能性及其配合物的独特特性结合在一起。例如，具有菲咯啉的金属络合物的特征在于强烈的发光或可以嵌入的方式与DNA相互作用，在某些情况下会诱导DNA裂解。由于这个原因，最近已经通过在开放链或大环主链内插入菲咯啉来合成许多含菲咯啉的配体，以便开发用于金属阳离子和阴离子，离子载体的新的分子化学传感器以及用于多核苷酸的新的嵌入剂。此外，菲咯啉是刚性的，并且其插入环状或非环状结构中可以赋予所得的配体高度的预组织，从而提供选择性的络合剂。这篇综述将讨论配位，发光和嵌入和/或DNA裂解特性，以及基于菲咯啉基配体的金属配合物的分析应用。将特别关注除菲咯啉氮原子外还包含能够与金属阳离子或阴离子相互作用的其他供体原子的大环受体或开链配体。具有邻菲咯啉基配体的金属配合物的发光，嵌入和/或DNA裂解特性以及分析应用。将特别关注除菲咯啉氮原子外还包含能够与金属阳离子或阴离子相互作用的其他供体原子的大环受体或开链配体。具有邻菲咯啉基配体的金属配合物的发光，嵌入和/或DNA裂解特性以及分析应用。将特别关注除菲咯啉氮原子外还包含能够与金属阳离子或阴离子相互作用的其他供体原子的大环受体或开链配体。