碳纳米膜,Advanced Materials

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碳纳米膜
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506058
Andrey Turchanin ₁ , Armin Gölzhäuser ₂

Affiliation

碳纳米膜（CNM）是具有定制的物理或化学特性的合成2D碳板。这些取决于两侧的结构，分子组成和周围环境。由于它们的分子厚度，它们可以被视为“无体积的界面”，将不同的气态，液态或固态成分的区域分开并控制它们之间的材料交换。在此，提出了一种制造1 nm厚，机械稳定，功能正常的CNM的通用方案。可以进一步修饰CNM，例如通过离子轰击穿孔或通过将其他分子结合到表面上进行化学功能化。描述了潜在的物理和化学机理，并提供了用于工程化复杂表面结构的示例，例如蛋白质的纳米图案，荧光染料，或聚合物刷。简单的转移程序即可将CNM放置在各种支撑结构上，从而使其可用于多种应用：电子和X射线显微镜的支撑，纳米光刻，纳米筛，Janus纳米膜，聚合物地毯，复杂的层状结构，石墨烯的功能化，新型纳米电子和纳米机械装置。最后，讨论了CNM在过滤和传感方面的潜力。根据对气体分子分离的测试，认为防弹膜可能在未来的材料分离工作中发挥重要作用。聚合物地毯，复杂的层状结构，石墨烯的功能化，新型的纳米电子和纳米机械装置。最后，讨论了CNM在过滤和传感方面的潜力。根据对气体分子分离的测试，认为防弹膜可能在未来的材料分离工作中发挥重要作用。聚合物地毯，复杂的层状结构，石墨烯的功能化，新型的纳米电子和纳米机械装置。最后，讨论了CNM在过滤和传感方面的潜力。根据对气体分子分离的测试，认为防弹膜可能在未来的材料分离工作中发挥重要作用。

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Carbon Nanomembranes

Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are synthetic 2D carbon sheets with tailored physical or chemical properties. These depend on the structure, molecular composition, and surroundings on either side. Due to their molecular thickness, they can be regarded as “interfaces without bulk” separating regions of different gaseous, liquid, or solid components and controlling the materials exchange between them. Here, a universal scheme for the fabrication of 1 nm‐thick, mechanically stable, functional CNMs is presented. CNMs can be further modified, for example perforated by ion bombardment or chemically functionalized by the binding of other molecules onto the surfaces. The underlying physical and chemical mechanisms are described, and examples are presented for the engineering of complex surface architectures, e.g., nanopatterns of proteins, fluorescent dyes, or polymer brushes. A simple transfer procedure allows CNMs to be placed on various support structures, which makes them available for diverse applications: supports for electron and X‐ray microscopy, nanolithography, nanosieves, Janus nanomembranes, polymer carpets, complex layered structures, functionalization of graphene, novel nanoelectronic and nanomechanical devices. To close, the potential of CNMs in filtration and sensorics is discussed. Based on tests for the separation of gas molecules, it is argued that ballistic membranes may play a prominent role in future efforts of materials separation.

更新日期：2016-06-09

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