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Microbial Control of Sea Spray Aerosol Composition: A Tale of Two Blooms
ACS Central Science ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2015-05-18 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00148 Xiaofei Wang 1 , Camille M. Sultana 1 , Jonathan Trueblood 2 , Thomas C. J. Hill 3 , Francesca Malfatti 4, 5 , Christopher Lee 1 , Olga Laskina 2 , Kathryn A. Moore 1 , Charlotte M. Beall 4 , Christina S. McCluskey 3 , Gavin C. Cornwell 1 , Yanyan Zhou 4, 6 , Joshua L. Cox 1 , Matthew A. Pendergraft 4 , Mitchell V. Santander 1 , Timothy H. Bertram 7 , Christopher D. Cappa 8 , Farooq Azam 4 , Paul J. DeMott 3 , Vicki H. Grassian 2 , Kimberly A. Prather 1, 4
ACS Central Science ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2015-05-18 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00148 Xiaofei Wang 1 , Camille M. Sultana 1 , Jonathan Trueblood 2 , Thomas C. J. Hill 3 , Francesca Malfatti 4, 5 , Christopher Lee 1 , Olga Laskina 2 , Kathryn A. Moore 1 , Charlotte M. Beall 4 , Christina S. McCluskey 3 , Gavin C. Cornwell 1 , Yanyan Zhou 4, 6 , Joshua L. Cox 1 , Matthew A. Pendergraft 4 , Mitchell V. Santander 1 , Timothy H. Bertram 7 , Christopher D. Cappa 8 , Farooq Azam 4 , Paul J. DeMott 3 , Vicki H. Grassian 2 , Kimberly A. Prather 1, 4
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With the oceans covering 71% of the Earth, sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles profoundly impact climate through their ability to scatter solar radiation and serve as seeds for cloud formation. The climate properties can change when sea salt particles become mixed with insoluble organic material formed in ocean regions with phytoplankton blooms. Currently, the extent to which SSA chemical composition and climate properties are altered by biological processes in the ocean is uncertain. To better understand the factors controlling SSA composition, we carried out a mesocosm study in an isolated ocean-atmosphere facility containing 3,400 gallons of natural seawater. Over the course of the study, two successive phytoplankton blooms resulted in SSA with vastly different composition and properties. During the first bloom, aliphatic-rich organics were enhanced in submicron SSA and tracked the abundance of phytoplankton as indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations. In contrast, the second bloom showed no enhancement of organic species in submicron particles. A concurrent increase in ice nucleating SSA particles was also observed only during the first bloom. Analysis of the temporal variability in the concentration of aliphatic-rich organic species, using a kinetic model, suggests that the observed enhancement in SSA organic content is set by a delicate balance between the rate of phytoplankton primary production of labile lipids and enzymatic induced degradation. This study establishes a mechanistic framework indicating that biological processes in the ocean and SSA chemical composition are coupled not simply by ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations, but are modulated by microbial degradation processes. This work provides unique insight into the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control SSA chemical composition, that when properly accounted for may explain the observed differences in SSA composition between field studies.
中文翻译：
海洋喷雾气溶胶成分的微生物控制：两次开花的故事
海洋覆盖了71％的海洋，因此，海洋喷雾气溶胶（SSA）颗粒通过散射太阳辐射并充当形成云的种子的能力，对气候产生了深远的影响。当海盐颗粒与浮游植物繁盛的海洋区域中形成的不溶性有机物质混合时，气候特性可能会发生变化。当前，海洋中的生物过程改变SSA化学组成和气候特性的程度尚不确定。为了更好地了解控制SSA组成的因素，我们在一个包含3400加仑天然海水的孤立的海洋大气设施中进行了中观研究。在研究过程中，两次连续的浮游植物水华导致SSA的成分和性质大为不同。在第一朵花期间 叶绿素-a浓度表明，富含脂肪族的有机物在亚微米SSA中得到增强，并跟踪浮游植物的丰度。相反，第二次起霜表明亚微米颗粒中的有机物质没有增加。仅在初次开花期间，还观察到冰核SSA颗粒同时增加。使用动力学模型对富含脂肪族有机物的浓度随时间变化的分析表明，所观察到的SSA有机物含量的增加是由浮游植物初生不稳定脂质的产生速率与酶促降解之间的微妙平衡所决定的。这项研究建立了一个机制框架，表明海洋中的生物过程和SSA的化学成分不仅与海洋中的叶绿素a浓度有关，但受到微生物降解过程的调节。这项工作提供了对控制SSA化学成分的生物学，化学和物理过程的独特见解，如果适当考虑这些因素，可以解释实地研究之间观察到的SSA成分差异。
更新日期：2015-05-18
中文翻译：
海洋喷雾气溶胶成分的微生物控制：两次开花的故事
海洋覆盖了71％的海洋，因此，海洋喷雾气溶胶（SSA）颗粒通过散射太阳辐射并充当形成云的种子的能力，对气候产生了深远的影响。当海盐颗粒与浮游植物繁盛的海洋区域中形成的不溶性有机物质混合时，气候特性可能会发生变化。当前，海洋中的生物过程改变SSA化学组成和气候特性的程度尚不确定。为了更好地了解控制SSA组成的因素，我们在一个包含3400加仑天然海水的孤立的海洋大气设施中进行了中观研究。在研究过程中，两次连续的浮游植物水华导致SSA的成分和性质大为不同。在第一朵花期间 叶绿素-a浓度表明，富含脂肪族的有机物在亚微米SSA中得到增强，并跟踪浮游植物的丰度。相反，第二次起霜表明亚微米颗粒中的有机物质没有增加。仅在初次开花期间，还观察到冰核SSA颗粒同时增加。使用动力学模型对富含脂肪族有机物的浓度随时间变化的分析表明，所观察到的SSA有机物含量的增加是由浮游植物初生不稳定脂质的产生速率与酶促降解之间的微妙平衡所决定的。这项研究建立了一个机制框架，表明海洋中的生物过程和SSA的化学成分不仅与海洋中的叶绿素a浓度有关，但受到微生物降解过程的调节。这项工作提供了对控制SSA化学成分的生物学，化学和物理过程的独特见解，如果适当考虑这些因素，可以解释实地研究之间观察到的SSA成分差异。
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