Oil/water separation is an important field, not only for scientific research but also for practical applications aiming to resolve industrial oily wastewater and oil-spill pollution, as well as environmental protection. Recently, research into the role of special wettability for oil/water separation has attracted much attention. In this review we summarize the design, fabrication, applications and recent developments of special wettable materials for oil/water separation. Based on the different types of separation, we organize this review into three parts: “oil-removing” type materials with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity (that selectively filter or absorb oil from oil/water mixtures), “water-removing” type materials with superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity (that selectively separate water from oil/water mixtures), and smart controllable separation materials. In each section, we present in detail the representative work, introduce the design idea, outline their fabrication methods, and discuss the role of special wettability on the separation. Finally, the challenges and outlook for the future of this subject are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于油/水分离的特殊可湿性材料

油水分离不仅是科学研究的重要领域，也是解决工业含油废水和溢油污染以及环境保护的实际应用的重要领域。最近，对特殊润湿性在油水分离中的作用的研究引起了广泛的关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于油/水分离的特殊可湿性材料的设计，制造，应用和最新发展。根据不同的分离类型，我们将审查分为三个部分：具有超疏水性和超亲油性的“除油”型材料（可选择性过滤或吸收油/水混合物中的油），具有超亲水性的“除水”型材料和超疏油性（将水与油/水混合物选择性分离），以及智能可控的分离材料。在每个部分中，我们详细介绍了代表性的工作，介绍了设计思路，概述了其制造方法，并讨论了特殊的润湿性对分离的作用。最后，讨论了该主题的挑战和对未来的展望。