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该文亮点:
1. 提出了一种通过内置空气层提高金属格栅-橡胶复合结构低频吸声性能的方法;
2. 揭示了金属格栅-橡胶复合结构的水下吸声机制;
3. 提供了一种复粘度模型用于水下吸声系数计算的方法;
4. 分析了有限尺寸结构的边界条件以及背衬条件对结构吸声性能的影响。
Highlights:
1. A method to improve the low frequency sound absorption performance of metal grate-rubber composite structure by built-in air layer is proposed.
2. The underwater sound absorption mechanism of grating-like anechoic layer is revealed.
3. A method for calculating underwater sound absorption coefficient using complex viscosity model is provided.
4. The influence of boundary conditions and backing conditions of finite size structure on the sound absorption performance of the grating-like anechoic layer is analyzed.
Keywords:
underwater sound absorption, broadband, transfer matrix method, rubber coating
声波是目前最有效的水下信息远距离传输手段,常被应用于水下目标侦察。而为了实现反侦察,通常在水下航行器表面铺设消声层来对抗声呐探测技术。传统的消声层为内嵌共振单元的粘弹性材料层,利用粘弹性材料内部分子链之间的相互摩擦损耗能量。通过在内部嵌入共振单元的方式可有效提高低频吸声性能。然而,随着声呐技术的发展以及航行器下潜深度的增加,设计具有低频、宽带以及静水压力不敏感的水下吸声结构已成为设计水下航行器迫切需要解决的问题。
为克服传统水下吸声材料低频宽带吸声性能不足,以及静水压力使吸声性能弱化的问题,南京航天航空大学卢天健教授和西安交通大学辛锋先教授等组成的研究团队通过理论和有限元方法,研究了内置空气层的橡胶-金属格栅混杂结构的水下吸声性能。研究成果以“用于宽带水声吸收的栅状消声层”为题发表于《国际机械系统动力学学报(英文)》(International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics, IJMSD)。该研究表明,在声波作用下由橡胶与金属格栅之间的剪切造成橡胶内部能量的损耗是主要的吸声机理。引入橡胶块下方的空气层可有效增强低频能量转化为橡胶振动动能的能力,从而改善低频声吸收,实现1 294—10 000 Hz范围内的吸声系数超过0.8。此外,讨论了有限尺寸结构边界条件和背衬条件对结构吸声性能的影响。研究结果对设计新型宽带低频水声吸声材料具有一定的理论指导意义。
To address the challenging task of effective sound absorption in the low and broad frequency band for underwater structures, we propose a novel grating-like anechoic layer by filling rubber blocks and an air backing layer into metallic grating. The metallic gratings are incorporated into the anechoic layer as a skeleton for enhanced viscoelastic dissipation by promoting shear deformation between rubber and metal plates. The introduction of an air backing layer releases the bottom constraint of the rubber, thus intensifying its deformation under acoustic excitation. Based on the homogenization method and the transfer matrix method, a theoretical model is developed to evaluate the sound absorption performance of the proposed anechoic layer, which is validated against finite element simulation results. It is demonstrated that a sound absorption coefficient of the grating-like anechoic layer of 0.8 can be achieved in the frequency range of 1 294–10 000 Hz. Given the importance of sound absorption at varying frequencies, the weighted average method is subsequently used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the anechoic layer. Then, with structural density taken into consideration, an integrated index is proposed to further evaluate the acoustic properties of the proposed anechoic layer. Finally, the backing conditions and the boundary conditions of finite-size structures are discussed. The results provide helpful theoretical guidance for designing novel acoustic metamaterials with broadband low-frequency underwater sound absorption.
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《国际机械系统动力学学报(英文)》(International Journal Mechanical System Dynamics, IJMSD )由来自18个国家的21位院士、17位国际学会主席、20位国际期刊主编等69位科学家和国际出版巨头美国Wiley出版社合作创立。IJMSD 旨在为用机械系统动力学科学与技术为提升现代装备设计、制造、试验、评估和使用全生命周期性能提供先进的理论、软件、方法、器件、标准,为全球科学家和工程专家提供广泛的机械系统动力学国际交流平台。IJMSD 强调从“系统”视角及系统级工具理解动力学,所涉及的机械系统不仅包括各种不同尺度的机械系统和结构,还包括具有多物理场/多学科特征的综合机械系统。
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