Responses of the central nervous system (CNS) to microbial challenge and the interplay between the CNS and the immune system are important for defending against pathogen attack. We have examined the CNS transcriptional response of Locusta migratoria manilensis to infection by the locust-specific fungal pathogen, Metarhizium acridum. CNS responses were examined during spore attachment, fungal germination and pre-penetration of the cuticle, and cuticle penetration/hemocoel ingress and proliferation. Effects were seen at the earliest time points (4 h post-infection) and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was highest during late mycosis (72 h post-infection). Significantly affected neurological pathways included genes involved in serotonergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamergic synapse responses, as well as pathways responsible for synaptic vesicle cycle, long-term potentiation and depression, and neurotrophin and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. In addition, a significant number of immune related DEGs were identified. These included components of the Toll, Imd and JAK/STAT pathways, consistent with interactions between the CNS and immune systems. The activation of immune response related CNS genes during early stage infection highlights the rapid detection of microbial pathogens and suggests an important role for the CNS in modulating immunity potentially via initiating behavioral adaptations along with innate immune responses.

中文翻译：

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东方迁徙的东方蝗（Locusta migratoria manilensis）对真菌感染的中枢神经系统反应。

中枢神经系统（CNS）对微生物攻击的反应以及CNS与免疫系统之间的相互作用对于防御病原体攻击很重要。我们已经检查了蝗虫中枢神经系统对蝗虫特异性真菌病原体Meta螨的感染的中枢神经系统转录反应。在孢子附着，表皮的真菌萌发和穿透之前以及表皮的渗透/血小管进入和增殖过程中检查了中枢神经系统的反应。在最早的时间点（感染后4小时）见效果，在晚期真菌病期间（感染后72小时），差异表达基因（DEG）的数量最高。受严重影响的神经系统通路包括与血清素能，胆碱能，多巴胺能，GABA能和谷氨酸能突触反应有关的基因，以及负责突触囊泡周期，长期增强和抑制以及神经营养蛋白和逆行内源性大麻素信号传导的途径。另外，鉴定了大量的免疫相关DEG。这些包括Toll，Imd和JAK / STAT通路的组成部分，与CNS和免疫系统之间的相互作用一致。在早期感染过程中，与免疫反应相关的CNS基因的激活突出了微生物病原体的快速检测，并暗示了CNS在潜在地通过启动行为适应性和固有免疫反应来调节免疫中的重要作用。鉴定出大量的免疫相关DEG。这些包括Toll，Imd和JAK / STAT通路的组成部分，与CNS和免疫系统之间的相互作用一致。在早期感染过程中，与免疫反应相关的CNS基因的激活突出了微生物病原体的快速检测，并暗示了CNS在潜在地通过启动行为适应以及固有的免疫反应来调节免疫中的重要作用。鉴定出大量的免疫相关DEG。这些包括Toll，Imd和JAK / STAT通路的组成部分，与CNS和免疫系统之间的相互作用一致。在早期感染过程中，与免疫反应相关的CNS基因的激活突出了微生物病原体的快速检测，并暗示了CNS在潜在地通过启动行为适应性和固有免疫反应来调节免疫中的重要作用。