Reproductive Sciences is the official publication of the Society for Reproductive Investigation (SRI), whose mission is the advancement of knowledge in reproductive biology. The journal publishes original research and reviews, editorials, position papers and clinical studies that are based on solid research foundation. Reproductive Sciences covers all aspects of reproductive biology and its translation to clinical medicine, including the disciplines of maternal-fetal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, fertility/infertility, gynecologic/reproductive tract oncology, developmental biology, embryology, stem cell research, molecular/cellular biology and related fields.

Reproductive Sciences also publishes special/guest-edited issues. The peer review process for these articles is the same as the peer review process of the journal in general. Additionally, if the guest editor(s) authors an article in their special issue, they will not handle the peer review process.

This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Editor in Chief
Hugh S. Taylor, MD      Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Managing Editor
Maria Rosa Maduro, PhD    Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Associate Editors
Radek Bukowski, MD, PhD   Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Hilary Critchley, MD     University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Lawrence Layman, MD Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
Frederick Naftolin, MD, PhD, FACOG, FRCOG   New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Errol R. Norwitz, MD, PhD    Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Charles R. Rosenfeld, MD    UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Robert S. Schenken, MD      The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
Peter E. Schwartz, MD  Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Joe Leigh Simpson, MD       Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Associate Editor - South America
Rui Ferriani, MD, PhD   University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Associate Editor - Europe
Andrés López Bernal, MD, DPhil University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, UK
Associate Editors - Asia/Pacific
SiHyun Cho, MD, PhD  Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Caroline Gargett, PhD  Monash University, Victoria, Australia
Sun-Wei Guo, PhD       Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Shanghai, China
Yutaka Osuga, MD, PhD      The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Editorial Board
Vikki M. Abrahams, PhD      Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Ayman Al-Hendy, MD, PhD University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Deborah J. Anderson, PhD   Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Jonathan S. Berek, MD  University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Ian M. Bird, PhD    University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Philippe Bouchard, MD Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
Richard Burney, MD, MSc, FACOG     Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
Steve N. Caritis, MD     University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Bruce R. Carr, MD  UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Robert F. Casper, MD   University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Setsuko K. Chambers, MD   Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
Hilary Critchley, MD     University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Thomas D'Hooghe, MD, PhD      University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Gaurang S. Daftary, MD       Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Alan H. DeCherney, MD       National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Michael P. Diamond, MD     Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
Sabrina Diano, PhD      Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Antoni Duleba, MD      University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Mark I. Evans, MD Comprehensive Genetics, New York, NY, USA
B.C.J.M. Fauser, MD, PhD     University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
Asgi T. Fazleabas, PhD Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
Idhaliz Flores, PhD Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
Steve Ford, PhD    University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
Arne Jensen, MD   Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
Omid Khorram MD, PhD     Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
Dirk G. Kieback, MD     Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany
Brian J. Koos, MD, DPhil      UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Guoyang Luo, MD, PhD, FACOG Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA
Ronald R. Magness, PhD     The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Gil Mor, MD   Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
David G. Mutch, MD     Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Leslie Myatt, PhD  Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Guiying Nie, PhD  Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
Kutluk Oktay, MD  New York Medical College/Innovation Fertility, New York, NY, USA
Tanja Pejovic, MD, PhD Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Felice Petraglia, MD     University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Mark Phillippe, MD       Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Thomas Price, MD Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Ch. V. Rao, PhD.    Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Fernando M. Reis, MD, PhD Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Bryan S. Richardson, MD     University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
James M. Roberts, MD  Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Roberto Romero, MD   NICHD/NIH, Perinatology Research Branch, Detroit, MI, USA
James C. Rose, PhD.     Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Michael G. Ross, MD    Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
Yoel Sadovsky, MD       Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mark V. Sauer, MD       Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
James Segars, MD Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Emre Seli, MD       Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Dinesh Shah, MD  University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Carlos Simon, MD University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Jerome F. Strauss, III, MD, PhD    Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Robert N. Taylor, MD, PhD  Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Eugene Toy, MD   University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Scott W. Walsh, PhD    Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Robert A. Wild, MD, MPH    University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Erin Wolff, MD      National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
Stacy Zamudio, PhD     Hackensack University MC, Newark, NJ, USA
Lubo Zhang, PhD  Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA