The KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering is a technical monthly journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers. The journal reports original study results (both academic and practical) on past practices and present information in all civil engineering fields.

The journal publishes original papers within the broad field of civil engineering, which includes, but are not limited to, the following: coastal and harbor engineering, construction management, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, highway engineering, hydraulic engineering, information technology, nuclear power engineering, railroad engineering, structural engineering, surveying and geo-spatial engineering, transportation engineering, tunnel engineering, and water resources and hydrologic engineering. Both theoretical and practice-oriented papers, including case studies and reviews, are encouraged.

Editor-in-Chief
Ho-Kyung Kim, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea


Advisory Board
David Arditi, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
Antonio Bobet, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wai Fah Chen, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
Menachem Elimelech, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Byung R. Kim, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Y. Richard Kim, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Shie-Yui Liong, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Matthew Mauldon, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Marian Muste, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Srinivas Peeta, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
J. Carlos Santamarina, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Surendra P. Shah, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Gunho Sohn, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada



Senior Editor
Gye-Chun Cho, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Yang Dam Eo, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
Young-Hoon Jung, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
Boo Sik Kang, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
Ick-Hyun Kim, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
Kyong Ju Kim, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Moon Young Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
Nam-Hee Kim, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Sung-Ryul Kim, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Young Do Kim, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
Seok Oh Ko, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
Chungwon Lee, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Seok-Won Lee, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
Seong-Wan Park, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
Jong Won Seo, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Changsu Shim, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Chongku Yi, Korea University, Seoul, Korea



Editorial Board
Jong-Wha Bai, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
Kemal Celik, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE
Yunbyeong Chae, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Anjin Chang, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, TX, USA
Ilhan Chang, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia
Alexis Chauchois, University of Artois, Arras, France
Seokho Chi, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Chung-Suk Cho, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Hyun Woong Cho, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Jae-Yeol Cho, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Eunsoo Choi, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
Hangseok Choi, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Hyunwook Choo, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
Jinhyun Choo, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Eun Sung Chung, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
Younshik Chung, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
Nguyen Cao Don, Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Liberato Ferrara, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Am Jang, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
Sunghoon Jang, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Jongwon Jung, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Sungmoon Jung, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Jun Won Kang, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
Seoktae Kang, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Won Hee Kang, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sutha Khaodhiar, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Dae-Hong Kim, The University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Do-Gyeong Kim, The University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Dongsu Kim, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
Jae Hong Kim, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technolgy, Daejeon, Korea
Jongkwan Kim, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Ilsan, Korea
Moonil Kim, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
Sung-Hee Sonny Kim, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Sung-Bo Kim, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Taesik Kim, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
Yong Jic Kim, Daewoo E&C Co. LTD., Suwon, Korea
Yong-Woo Kim, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Taeseo Ku, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Oh-Sung Kwon, Toronto University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Seung-Hee Kwon, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Jialiang Le, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Joyoung Lee, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
Joo Heon Lee, Joongbu University, Chungnam, Korea
Minjae Lee, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
Sang Yum Lee, Induk University, Seoul, Korea
Sungjune Lee, Cheongju University, Chungbuk, Korea
Young-Jae Lee, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Eyal Levenberg, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Hyeonsup Lim, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Yu Liu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Anil Kumar Mishra, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
Juhyuk Moon, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Catherine Mulligan, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Jeong-Hee Nam, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Jae Eun Oh, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
Sang-Ho Oh, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Korea
Tae-Min Oh, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
Brian Park, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Cheolwoo Park, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
Duhee Park, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Hee-Sung Park, Hanbat University, Daejeon, Korea
Kwan-Soon Park, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
Man-Woo Park, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Sangjun Park, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
Yongsung Park, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Roberto Ranzi, University of Brescia, Italy
Hwasung Roh, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
Luigi Di Sarno, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
Yongwon Seo, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
Shamsuddin Shahid, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Do Hyoung Shin, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
Hyu-Soung Shin, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Ilsan, Korea
Hyoung-Bo Sim, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
Hoon Sohn, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Keemin Sohn, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Chang-Geun Song, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
I-Tung Yang, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Seyoon Yoon, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
Tae-Sup Yun, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Yoichi Watabe, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Xiaoying Zhuang, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany

Journal Editorial Office
Hyunsun Song, Managing Editor song@ksce.or.kr
Hyeueon Bek, Assistant Managing Editor ejournal@ksce.or.kr
Kyungryun Kim, Assistant Production Editor production@ksce.or.kr