The Official Journal of the International Solar Energy Society®

Solar Energy, the official journal of the International Solar Energy Society®, is devoted exclusively to the science and technology of solar energy applications.

ISES is an UN-accredited membership-based NGO founded in 1954. For over 60 years, ISES members from more than 100 countries have undertaken the product research and development that has helped the renewable energy industry to grow. ISES serves as a center for information on research and development in solar energy through its publications and key activities such as annual technical conferences, a free webinar series and dedicated student programmes. The ISES vision statement is: 100% renewable energy for everyone used wisely and efficiently.
Solar Energy welcomes manuscripts presenting information not previously published in journals on any aspect of solar energy research, development, application, measurement or policy. The term "solar energy" in this context includes the indirect uses such as wind energy and biomass. Because of the international character of Solar Energy, articles that deal solely with the solar radiation or wind data base of a specific country are not normally considered suitable for Solar Energy. Submitted manuscripts may take the form of reports of original studies or reviews of significant prior work in a given area. All manuscripts are subject to reviews to assure accuracy, clarity, and long-term value.

This journal welcomes contributions that support and advance the UN's sustainable development goals, in particular SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action)

regular papers
review articles
Brief Notes

Editor-in-Chief
Yogi Goswami
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States Email Yogi Goswami
Subject Editors
Concentrating Solar Power and High Temperature Processes
Ranga Pitchumani
Virginia Tech Research Center Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arlington, Virginia, United States Email Ranga Pitchumani
Photovoltaics
Nicola Romeo
University of Parma, Parma, Italy Email Nicola Romeo
Resources & Meteorology
Dazhi Yang
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore, Singapore Email Dazhi Yang
Solar Heating and Cooling, Buildings & Other Applications
Yanjun Dai
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Email Yanjun Dai
Associate Editors
Chemical Process, Processes, Photocatalysis & Photocatalytic
Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
Email Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque Chemical Processes/Photocatalysis/Photocatalytic
Raju Kumar Gupta, PhD
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India Email Raju Kumar Gupta, PhDChemical Processes, Photocatalysis, Perovskite Solar Cells, Energy and Environment, Solar Energy
Concentrating Solar Power and High Temperature Processes
Antoine Bittar
Email Antoine Bittar CSP, Optical Properties
Luisa F. Cabeza
University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Email Luisa F. Cabeza Thermal Energy Storage
Michael Epstein
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Email Michael Epstein CSP, High Temperature Solar Chemistry, Energy Storage
José González-Aguilar
Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain Email José González-Aguilar CSP, Central Receiver, Heat Transfer Fluids, High-temperature Solar Reactor
Clifford Ho
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States Email Clifford HoCSP, Receivers
Wojciech Lipiński
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Email Wojciech Lipiński Solar Chemistry
Peter G. Loutzenhiser, PhD
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Email Peter G. Loutzenhiser, PhD
Jayanta Nayak
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India Email Jayanta Nayak CSP, Parabolic Trough
Halime Paksoy
Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey Email Halime Paksoy Energy Storage
Robert Pitz-Paal
German Aerospace Center DLR Institute of Solar Research, Köln, Germany Email Robert Pitz-Paal CSP Systems, Heat Transfer Fluid, Modelling, Optical Measurement
Joe Stekli
Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States Email Joe Stekli
Lorin Vant-Hull
Email Lorin Vant-Hull CSP, Central Receiver Tower
Other Solar Energy Related Areas
Andreas K. Athienitis
Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Email Andreas K. Athienitis
Gion Calzaferri
University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Email Gion Calzaferri Chemical Processes
S.A. Sherif
University of Florida Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, Florida, United States Email S.A. Sherif Hydrogen, Solar Chimney
Tom Stoffel
Solar Resource Solutions, LLC, Louisville, Kentucky, United States Email Tom Stoffel
Photovoltaics
Maurizio Acciarri
University of Milan–Bicocca, Milano, Italy Email Maurizio Acciarri
Nowshad Amin
National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia Email Nowshad Amin
Alessio Bosio
University of Parma, Parma, Italy Email Alessio Bosio Photovoltaics, PV and Cell Physics, Renewable/Solar
Thomas M. Brown
University of Rome Tor Vergata Email Thomas M. Brown
Stephan Buecheler
Empa Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland Email Stephan Buecheler PV
Phillip Dale
University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Email Phillip Dale
Paola Delli Veneri
ENEA Centro Ricerche Portici, Portici, Italy Email Paola Delli Veneri Photovoltaics
L. Giribabu
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India Email L. Giribabu
Carlos Graeff
Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho Bauru Campus Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, Brazil Email Carlos Graeff
Arnulf Jäger-Waldau
European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra Sector, Ispra, Italy Email Arnulf Jäger-Waldau Photovoltaics, PV Systems, Energy and the Environment, Renewable Energy Policy, Economics of PV Systems
Jinhyeok Kim
Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of Email Jinhyeok KimPhotovoltaics
Arturo Morales-Acevedo
Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico Email Arturo Morales-Acevedo PV and Cell Physics
Brian Norton
Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Email Brian Norton Building Integrated PV, Luminescent Devices, Thermal Management of PV, Collector Technology, PVT Collectors
Frank Alain Nüesch
Email Frank Alain Nüesch Dye Sensitized, Organic Solar Cells, Hybrid Solar Cells
Mukund Patel
United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York, United States Email Mukund Patel Wind/Hybrid
Almantas Pivrikas
Murdoch University School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch, Australia Email Almantas Pivrikas
Jeyakumar Ramanujam, PhD
National Physical Laboratory CSIR Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, New Delhi, India Email Jeyakumar Ramanujam, PhD Green energy, Solar cells, Electronic materials, Characterization, Materials Science
Takhir Razykov
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Physicotechnical Institute Email Takhir Razykov PV and Cell Physics
Wilfried van Sark
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Email Wilfried van Sark
Elias K. Stefanakos
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States Email Elias K. StefanakosPhotovoltaics
Igor Tyukhov
All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Electrification of Agriculture, Moskva, Russian Federation Email Igor Tyukhov PV and Cell Physics, PVT Systems, Concentrators, PV Systems, Thin Film Cells
Gaetano Zizzo
University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Email Gaetano Zizzo Photovoltaics
Resources & Meteorology
Hans-Georg Beyer
University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands Email Hans-Georg Beyer Energy meteorology
Philippe Blanc
MINES ParisTech - Sophia Antipolis Campus, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France Email Philippe Blanc Solar Radiation, Solar Resource Assessment, Solar Forecasting, Aerosols, Pyranometric Sensors, All-sky Cameras
Christian Gueymard
Solar Consulting Services, Colebrook, New Hampshire, United States Email Christian Gueymard Solar Radiation, Solar Resource Assessment, Aerosols
Tao Hong
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States Email Tao Hong General-purpose forecasting, Energy analytics, Load forecasting
Merlinde Kay
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Email Merlinde KayMeteorology, Numerical weather prediction
Ian Marius Peters
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States Email Ian Marius Peters Solar Spectra, Machine Learning
David Renne
Dave Renne Renewables, Boulder, Colorado, United States Email David Renne Solar Radiation, Solar Resource Assessment
Yong Shuai
Harbin Institute of Technology, Haerbin, China Email Yong Shuai CSP, Solar resources, Solar Thermochemistry, Energy Storage
Frank Vignola
University of Oregon Email Frank Vignola Solar Radiation, Solar Resource Assessment
Solar Heating and Cooling, Buildings & Other Applications
Aliakbar (Ali) Akbarzadeh
RMIT University College of Science Engineering and Health, Melbourne, Australia Email Aliakbar (Ali) Akbarzadeh Solar Ponds
Bibek Bandyopadhyay
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India Email Bibek Bandyopadhyay Solar Thermal / Solar Heating and Cooling
Abhijit Date
RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Email Abhijit Date Solar Ponds
Ursula Eicker
University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany Email Ursula Eicker Solar Heating and Cooling, Building Energy Efficiency, Passive Heating and Cooling
Napoleon Enteria
Building Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan Email Napoleon Enteria Desiccant Cooling
Adrian-Gabriel Ghiaus
Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, Bucuresti, Romania Email Adrian-Gabriel Ghiaus Thermodynamics, Heat & Mass Transfer, Drying, Modeling & Simulation
Ronnen Levinson, PhD
E O Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States Email Ronnen Levinson, PhD solar reflectance, albedo, cool roofs, cool walls, cool pavements
Mario Medina
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States Email Mario Medina Solar Energy in Buildings, Passive Solar, Phase Change Materials
Halime Paksoy
Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey Email Halime Paksoy Energy Storage
Anna Laura Pisello
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Email Anna Laura Pisello Building Thermal Applications/Daylighting
Mattheos Santamouris
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athina, Greece Email Mattheos Santamouris Passive Cooling, Urban Heat Island, Microclimate, Local Climate Change, Mitigation Technologies, Cool and Green Roofs, Cool Pavements
Jean-Louis Scartezzini
Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Email Jean-Louis Scartezzini Daylighting and Solar Buildings
Ruzhu Wang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University - Fahua Campus, Shanghai, China Email Ruzhu WangThermal driven sorption chillers, Solar Cooling, Building energy systems and Green Building, High efficient refrigeration and air conditioning systems, Combined cooling, heating and power systems, Cryogenic systems
Bulent Yesilata
Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Çubuk, Turkey Email Bulent Yesilata Solar Heating and Cooling, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, CSP