An Official Journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)

The journal publishes research papers (both empirical and theoretical contributions), short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong bearing on the behaviour of all animals, including humans. Special emphasis is placed on studies integrating proximate (i.e. mechanisms, development) and ultimate (i.e. function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behaviour.

Aspects of particular interest include:

- Adaptive plasticity of behaviour
- Inter-individual and geographic variations in behaviour
- Mechanisms underlying behaviour
- Evolutionary processes and functions of behaviour
- Comparative studies of behavioural traits
- Behavioural development
- Integrative approaches to the study of behaviour
- Interspecific relationships, e.g. symbiosis, host-parasite relationships
- Animal communication and social ethology

Although descriptive ethological studies are also accepted, preference is given to experimental and field studies.

Chief Editor
Peter McGregor
ISPA
Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34
1149-041 Lisboa
Portugal
e-mail: pkmcgregor@ispa.pt
Associate Editors
Clara Amorim (Lisbon, Portugal)
Mark Briffa (Plymouth, Devon, UK)
Rita Covas (Vairão, Portugal)
Ana M. Faria (Lisbon, Portugal)
David Goncalves (Macau, China)
Emanuel Gonçalves (Lisbon, Portugal)
Katharina Hirschenhauser (Vienna, Austria)
Julia Lehmann (London, UK)
Mylene M. Mariette (Waurn Ponds, Australia)
Paulo G. Mota (Coimbra, Portugal)
Sophie Mowles (Anglia Ruskin, Cambridgeshire, UK)
Brigitte Schloegl (Leipzig, Germany)
Ana Silva (Montevideo, Uruguay)
Advisory Editors
Jaques Baltazart (Liège, Belgium)
Anders Berglund (Uppsala, Sweden)
Adelino Canário (Faro, Portugal)
Kleber del Claro (Uberlândia, Brazil)
John A. Endler (Santa Barbara, CA, USA)
Elisabet Forsgren (Gothenburg, Sweden)
Karl Grammer (Vienna, Austria)
Mathew Grober (Atlanta, GA, USA)
Ton Groothuis (Groningen, The Netherlands)
Kate Lessells (Heteren, The Netherlands) 
Rui Oliveira (Lisbon, Portugal)
Mateus Paranhos da Costa (São Paulo, Brazil) 
António José dos Santos (Lisbon, Portugal) 
Manuel E. dos Santos (Lisbon, Portugal)
Michael Taborsky (Bern, Switzerland)