Dental topographic and three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of carnassialization in different clades of carnivorous mammals (Dasyuromorphia, Carnivora, Hyaenodonta),Journal of Morphology

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Dental topographic and three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of carnassialization in different clades of carnivorous mammals (Dasyuromorphia, Carnivora, Hyaenodonta)
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-14 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21429
Andreas Johann Lang ₁ , Thomas Engler ₁ , Thomas Martin ₁

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The evolution of carnassial teeth in mammals, especially in the Carnivora, has been subject of many morphometric and some dental topographic studies. Here, we use a combination of dental topographic analysis (Dirichlet normal energy) and 3D geometric morphometrics of less and high carnassialized lower teeth of carnivoran, dasyuromorph and hyaenodont taxa. Carnassial crown curvature, as indicated by Dirichlet normal energy, is high in lesser carnassialized teeth and low in higher carnassialized teeth, where it is influenced by the reduction of crown features such as cusps and crests. PC1 of the geometric morphometric analysis is linked to enlargement of the carnassial blade, reduction of the talonid crushing basin and an increasingly asymmetric cervix line with an enlarged mesial flexure in more carnassialized teeth. Distribution of PC1 values further indicates that along the tooth row of dasyuromorphs (m2–m4) and hyaenodonts (m1–m3) the most distal carnassial is the most carnassialized (principal carnassial), and in most taxa with overall higher carnassialized teeth, carnassialization successively increases from the anterior to the posterior tooth position along the tooth row. PC2 indicates that a longitudinal elongated carnassial is present in caniforms and in unspecialized feliforms, which separates these taxa in morphospace from all dasyuromorphs, hyaenodonts and specialized feliforms. An ancestral state reconstruction shows that this longitudinal elongation may be a plesiomorphic ancestral state for the Carnivora, which is different from the Dasyuromorphia and the Hyaenodonta. This elongation, enabling the presence of a longitudinally aligned carnassial blade as well as a complete talonid basin, might have provided the Carnivora with an advantage in terms of adaptive versatility.

中文翻译：

食肉哺乳动物不同进化枝（Dasyuromorphia、Carnivora、Hyaenodonta）肉体化的牙齿地形和三维几何形态测量分析

哺乳动物，尤其是食肉目动物的肉体牙齿的进化，已成为许多形态测量学和一些牙齿地形研究的主题。在这里，我们结合使用牙形分析（Dirichlet 法向能量）和食肉目、大食肉目和鬣齿兽类的低和高carnassialized 下牙齿的 3D 几何形态测量学。由狄利克雷正常能量表示的Carnassial牙冠曲率在较小的carnassialized牙齿中较高而在较高的carnassialized牙齿中较低，在那里它受到牙尖和牙顶等牙冠特征减少的影响。几何形态测量分析的 PC1 与骨肉刀片的增大、距骨破碎盆的缩小以及越来越不对称的子宫颈线以及更多骨肉化的牙齿中的近中弯曲增大有关。PC1 值的分布进一步表明，沿着 dasyuromorphs (m2–m4) 和 hyaenodonts (m1–m3) 的牙列，最远端的 carnassial 是最多的 carnassialized (principal carnassial)，并且在大多数具有整体较高 carnassialized 牙齿的分类群中，carnassialization 依次沿牙列从前牙位置到后牙位置增加。PC2 表明犬科动物和非特化猫科动物中存在纵向拉长的肉食动物，这将形态空间中的这些分类群与所有 dasyuromorphs、hyaenodonts 和特化猫科动物分开。祖先状态重建表明，这种纵向伸长可能是食肉目动物的同形祖先状态，不同于肉食动物目和鬣齿兽目。这种伸长，

更新日期：2021-12-10

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