Synapses are found in vast numbers in the brain and contain complex proteomes. We developed genetic labeling and imaging methods to examine synaptic proteins in individual excitatory synapses across all regions of the mouse brain. Synapse catalogs were generated from the molecular and morphological features of a billion synapses. Each synapse subtype showed a unique anatomical distribution, and each brain region showed a distinct signature of synapse subtypes. Whole-brain synaptome cartography revealed spatial architecture from dendritic to global systems levels and previously unknown anatomical features. Synaptome mapping of circuits showed correspondence between synapse diversity and structural and functional connectomes. Behaviorally relevant patterns of neuronal activity trigger spatiotemporal postsynaptic responses sensitive to the structure of synaptome maps. Areas controlling higher cognitive function contain the greatest synapse diversity, and mutations causing cognitive disorders reorganized synaptome maps. Synaptome technology and resources have wide-ranging application in studies of the normal and diseased brain.

中文翻译：

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小鼠脑突触的体系结构。

突触在大脑中大量存在，并包含复杂的蛋白质组。我们开发了遗传标记和成像方法来检查小鼠大脑所有区域中单个兴奋性突触中的突触蛋白。突触目录是根据十亿个突触的分子和形态特征生成的。每个突触亚型都表现出独特的解剖学分布，每个大脑区域都呈现出突触亚型的独特特征。全脑突触图显示了从树突状到整体系统水平的空间结构以及以前未知的解剖特征。电路的突触图作图显示突触多样性与结构和功能连接组之间的对应关系。行为相关的神经元活动模式触发对突触图谱结构敏感的时空突触后反应。控制较高认知功能的区域包含最大的突触多样性，并且引起认知障碍的突变重新组织了突触图。突触组技术和资源在正常和患病大脑的研究中具有广泛的应用。